Imaging a microfocus X-ray focal spot with a thin coded aperture

Imaging of the focal spot size in X-ray generators can be achieved by means of a pinhole in a highly attenuating material, such as gold. For microfocus generators with spot sizes of only around 10 microns or less, the material must be very thin to avoid an impractical aspect ratio. With a 90 kV source, only 11% attenuation is attained with 5 mu m gold. For a pinhole that is smaller than the focal spot, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may be less than 1. To image the focal spot of a medical X-ray generator, a coded aperture has been used previously to reduce the exposure time required, however the same technique does not appear to have been used to increase the SNR when the attenuation is very low. Such a method is used here, using a no-two-holes-touching variation of a modified uniformly redundant array (MURA). In a prototype sample, with only 5 mu m gold having 2.75 mu m holes, the focal spot of a microfocus X-ray generator used in a micro-CT system could be clearly visualised and quantified. Directionality of the aberrations made focussing of the X-ray spot more intuitive and reduced the time required to obtain an optimal, quantifiable focus.

Automated summary

Imaging the focal spot size in X-ray generators can be achieved using a pinhole in a highly attenuating material, such as gold. When the focal spot is very small, a thin material is required to avoid impractical aspect ratio. A coded aperture has been used to reduce exposure time, but not to increase SNR at low attenuation. In this study, a modified uniformly redundant array technique was used to clearly visualize and quantify the focal spot.