Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 14, Issue 21, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14214540
Keywords
whey protein; whey protein hydrolysate; body composition; gut microbiota; serum metabolome
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81803216, 82003438, 81973024, 82150410453]
- Key technologies of prevention and control of major diseases and infectious diseases in Suzhou City [GWZX201907, GWZX202103]
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Research shows that combining WP or WPH with an energy-restricted diet can help older women with weight loss, with WPH being more effective in reducing body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage, possibly due to its impact on the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway.
An energy-restricted weight-loss approach has limitations when it used in the elderly, especially because of muscle loss. We aimed to assess the effects of whey protein (WP) or WP hydrolysate (WPH) combined with an energy-restricted diet (ERD) on weight reduction and muscle preservation in older women with overweight and obesity. A total of 60 women were randomized to the control (ERD), WP (ERD + 20 g/d WP) or WPH (ERD + 20 g/d WPH) group, using a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. After an 8-week intervention, body composition, gut microbiota, and serum metabolomics changes were compared among the three groups. The reductions in body weight (-1.11 +/- 1.11 vs. -2.34 +/- 1.35, p < 0.05), BMI (-0.46 +/- 0.45 vs. -0.97 +/- 0.54, p < 0.05), and body fat (-0.70 +/- 0.92 vs. -2.45 +/- 1.65, p < 0.01) were higher in the WPH group than in the control group. Body fat (%) was significantly decreased in the two protein groups. Fat-free mass did not significantly change among the three groups. Serum metabolomics showed that the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway was upregulated in the WPH group. No significant changes in microbiota were observed among the groups. In conclusion, WP or WPH supplementation combined with an energy-restricted diet benefits older women during weight loss. WPH was more effective, possibly due to increased energy metabolism.
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