Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 14, Issue 20, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14204351
Keywords
pregnancy; micronutrients; vitamin D deficiency; hypocalcemia; diabetes; obesity
Categories
Funding
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (MS-SCTIE-Decit/CNPq) [442932/2019-7]
- Economic and Social Research Council [ES/T008822/1]
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Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common among women of childbearing age, with the highest rates observed in the South region of Brazil. The prevalence and factors associated with calcium deficiency could not be assessed.
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as well as low serum calcium levels can trigger negative health outcomes in women of childbearing age. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of serum vitamin D and calcium deficiencies and insufficiencies and associated risk factors in Brazilian women of childbearing age and to assess whether there are differences in prevalence according to regions of the country and the presence or absence of pregnancy. The systematic literature review was performed using the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Cross-sectional, cohort, and intervention studies were included. Among pregnant women, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranged from 0% to 27% and of vitamin D insufficiency from 33.9% to 70.4%. Among non-pregnant women, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranged from 0% to 41.7% and of vitamin D insufficiency from 38.5% to 69.3%. We found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in women of childbearing age, with insufficiency affecting more than half of these women. The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was observed in the South region. It was not possible to assess the prevalence and factors associated with calcium deficiency.
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