Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 14, Issue 21, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14214468
Keywords
24 h urine; BUA; cross-sectional study; QUS; urinary phosphate; urinary PRAL; urinary sulfate; vegan
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Funding
- Elsbeth Bonhoff Stiftung, Berlin, Germany [167]
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The study found significant differences in acid-base profiles between vegans and omnivores, with vegans exhibiting a pronounced alkaline excess and omnivores having a relatively low acid load. However, within the spectrum of alkaline to low acid load, no association with bone health was found.
Both veganism and high dietary acid load are linked to unfavorable bone health. However, the specific role of dietary alkali or acid load for the bone health of vegans is so far unknown. Thus, the renal biomarker for dietary acid or alkali load, i.e., urinary potential renal acid load (uPRAL), was measured in 24 h urine samples of 34 vegans and 35 omnivores (50.7% males). Bone health was assessed via calcaneal quantitative ultrasound. Associations between uPRAL and bone health indices were examined using multivariable general linear models. Compared to omnivores, vegans had a significantly lower uPRAL (mean difference = -34.5 mEq/24 h, p < 0.0001), a lower 24 h urinary phosphate excretion (p = 0.0004), a lower 24 h urinary sulfate excretion (p = 0.01), and a higher urine pH value (p < 0.0001). Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was lower among vegans versus omnivores (p = 0.037), yet it was not associated with uPRAL irrespective of adjustments. This study confirms different acid-base profiles of vegans and omnivores, with a pronounced alkaline excess among vegans and a rather low acid load among a group of omnivores with moderate protein intake. Within this spectrum of alkaline to low acid load, no association with bone health was found.
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