Journal
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
Volume 39, Issue 1, Pages 113-124Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00934-6
Keywords
Parkinson's disease; Gut microbiome; Intestinal barrier; alpha-Synuclein; Blood-brain barrier
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The perception of sporadic Parkinson's disease has significantly changed in recent decades. It is now recognized as a multiorgan and multisystemic pathology that arises from the interaction of susceptible genetic factors with a challenging environment during aging-related decline.
The way sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is perceived has undergone drastic changes in recent decades. For a long time, PD was considered a brain disease characterized by motor disturbances; however, the identification of several risk factors and the hypothesis that PD has a gastrointestinal onset have shed additional light. Today, after recognition of prodromal non-motor symptoms and the pathological processes driving their evolution, there is a greater understanding of the involvement of other organ systems. For this reason, PD is increasingly seen as a multiorgan and multisystemic pathology that arises from the interaction of susceptible genetic factors with a challenging environment during aging-related decline.
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