Journal
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
Volume 137, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03346-7
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Funding
- CNPq (Brazil) [301324/2019-0]
- Vicerrectoria de Investigaciones - Universidad de Cartagena [019-2021]
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In this paper, a model is used to demonstrate the crystallization of droplets in a polarized dipolar condensate in a three-dimensional trap. The droplet lattice is formed in a clean and distortion-free manner in the box traps, allowing for experimental observation of the droplet lattice with a reduced number of atoms compared to a harmonic trap.
Using a beyond-mean-field model including a Lee-Huang-Yang-type interaction, we demonstrate a supersolid-like spatially-periodic square- and triangular-lattice crystallization of droplets in a polarized dipolar condensate confined by an appropriate three-dimensional (3D) box trap. In this paper, we consider a rectangular box (cuboid) trap, a square box (cuboid with two equal sides) trap, a cylindrical box trap and a hexagonal box (hexagonal prism) trap. The droplet lattice is always formed in the x-y plane perpendicular to the polarization z direction of dipolar atoms. In contrast to a harmonic trap, the box traps allow the formation of a large clean supersolid-like spatially-periodic crystallization in free space without any distortion. Moreover, a droplet lattice can be formed in a 3D box trap with a significantly reduced number of atoms than in a harmonic trap, which could facilitate the experimental observation of droplet lattice in a box trap. With present know-how such a supersolid-like crystallization of dipolar droplets in a 3D box trap can be realized in a laboratory thus allowing the study of a large periodic lattice of dipolar droplets in free space bounded by rigid walls.
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