Coupled Natural Fusion Enzymes in a Novel Biocatalytic Cascade Convert Fatty Acids to Amines

Tambjamine YP1 is a pyrrole-containing natural product. Analysis of the enzymes encoded in the Pseudoalteromonas tunicata tam biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) identified a unique di-domain biocatalyst (PtTamH). Sequence and bioinformatic analysis predicts that PtTamH comprises an N-terminal, pyridoxal 5'phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaminase (TA) domain fused to a NADHdependent C-terminal thioester reductase (TR) domain. Spectroscopic and chemical analysis revealed that the TA domain binds PLP, utilizes 1.-Glu as an amine donor, accepts a range of fatty aldehydes (C-11-C-14 with a preference for C-12), and produces the corresponding amines. The previously characterized PtTamA from the tam BGC is an ATP-dependent, di-domain enzyme comprising a class I adenylation domain fused to an acyl carrier protein (ACP). Since recombinant PtTamA catalyzes the activation and thioesterification of C-12 acid to the holo-ACP domain, we hypothesized that C-12 ACP is the natural substrate for PtTamH. PtTamA and PtTamH were successfully coupled together in a biocatalytic cascade that converts fatty acids (FAs) to amines in one pot. Moreover, a structural model of PtTamH provides insights into how the TA and TR domains are organized. This work not only characterizes the formation of the tambjamine YP1 tail but also suggests that PtTamA and PtTamH could be useful biocatalysts for FA to amine functional group conversion.

Automated summary

A unique di-domain biocatalyst (PtTamH) has been discovered, which can convert fatty acids to amines and has potential applications. Moreover, the structural organization of PtTamH has been revealed.