Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alison Tarke et al.
Summary: T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms cross-recognize early SARS-CoV-2 variants, while memory B cells and neutralizing antibodies show significant decreases. The majority of memory T cell responses are preserved against variants, with lower recognition of Omicron by memory B cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Summary: On November 24, 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron-B.1.1.529, was announced. Compared to previous variants, Omicron has a higher number of mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Serum neutralization of Omicron by individuals vaccinated or previously infected with Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants is significantly reduced or ineffective. Third vaccine doses can boost neutralization titers against Omicron, and high titers are observed in both vaccinated individuals and those infected with the Delta variant. Most potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under development are unable to effectively neutralize Omicron due to mutations in its Spike protein. Omicron has structural changes compared to earlier viruses and utilizes mutations that enhance its binding to ACE2, allowing for immune escape. This results in a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and a rebalancing of receptor affinity similar to earlier pandemic viruses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly and shows resistance to most therapeutic antibodies. It also evades neutralization by antibodies induced by infection or vaccination more efficiently than the Delta variant. This suggests that therapeutic antibodies may not be effective against the Omicron variant, and double vaccination with BNT162b2 may not provide adequate protection against severe disease caused by this variant.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Mary Wu et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, identified in November 2021, has spread rapidly worldwide and shows resistance to most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, it can be neutralized by antibodies generated by a booster vaccine dose.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisabetta Cameroni et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns due to its 37 amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), leading to increased binding affinity with human ACE2. Neutralizing activity against Omicron was greatly reduced in convalescent and vaccinated individuals compared to the ancestral virus, but this decrease was less significant after a third vaccine dose. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing conserved RBD epitopes may be crucial in combating the Omicron variant and future zoonotic transmissions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raquel Viana et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in southern Africa has experienced three distinct waves, driven by different variants. The recently identified Omicron variant has rapidly spread in South Africa and to numerous countries, raising global concern.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lihong Liu et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, initially detected in southern Africa, has rapidly spread globally and is expected to become dominant due to its enhanced transmissibility in the coming weeks. This variant poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies due to its significant antibody resistance. Even individuals who have received vaccines and booster doses may have reduced neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul R. Wratil et al.
Summary: This study reports on the dynamics of neutralizing antibodies in individuals convalescing from coronavirus disease 2019 or who are vaccine-naive and subsequently vaccinated. The findings suggest that infection-plus-vaccination-induced hybrid immunity or triple immunization can induce high-quality antibodies with superior neutralization capacity against variants of concern, including omicron.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henning Gruell et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is greatly reduced in individuals who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine or have recovered from the disease, but is significantly increased after a booster vaccine dose.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Gao et al.
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by prior infection or BNT162b2 vaccination provide extensive immune coverage against the Omicron variant. Additionally, T cells induced by BNT162b2 vaccination exhibit higher cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant compared to T cells induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nick Andrews et al.
Summary: A study conducted in England showed that vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 provide high protection against hospitalization and death from Covid-19 at 20 weeks or more after vaccination. However, the effectiveness of the vaccines decreases over time, especially in individuals aged 65 and older and those with underlying risk factors.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Ital Nemet et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Fabian Schmidt et al.
Summary: Neutralization assays showed much lower omicron neutralization compared to Wuhan-hu-1 after two doses of mRNA vaccine, but individuals who received a booster vaccine or were vaccinated after recovering from Covid-19 exhibited high levels of omicron neutralization.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
John P. Evans et al.
Summary: The declining efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the emergence of variants resistant to vaccine-induced immunity have sparked a debate on the need for booster vaccine doses. A study found that the Omicron variant spike protein can almost completely escape neutralizing antibodies produced by recipients of only two mRNA vaccine doses.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jill M. Ferdinands et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baoling Ying et al.
Summary: The study showed that current vaccination can enhance protection against Omicron infections, but different vaccines have varying efficacy, which requires further investigation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew Gagne et al.
Summary: This study shows that both mRNA-1273 and mRNA-Omicron generate comparable immunity and protection after booster doses, and are able to neutralize the Omicron variant.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Jackelinne Y. Hayashi et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hiam Chemaitelly et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roanne Keeton et al.
Summary: Despite reduced neutralizing antibody activity, T cell responses induced by vaccination or infection can cross-recognize the Omicron variant and provide protection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yinon M. Bar-On et al.
Summary: After administering the fourth dose of BNT162b2 vaccine to individuals aged 60 years and older during the period when the omicron variant was predominant, Israel observed lower rates of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe Covid-19 compared to those who received only three doses. The protection against severe illness remained consistent, while the protection against confirmed infection decreased over time.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marit J. van Gils et al.
Summary: This study compares the neutralization ability of different vaccines against various SARS-CoV-2 variants and finds that mRNA vaccines are superior to adenovirus vector-based vaccines in inducing neutralizing antibodies, both after initial vaccination and booster vaccination.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Natacha Madelon et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate T-cell responses to the Omicron spike protein in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with anti-CD20 therapy before and after a third mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. The results showed that the third dose enhanced T-cell responses to all variants, suggesting that COVID-19 vaccination may protect patients taking B-cell-depleting drugs against severe complications from infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alasdair P S Munro et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruno Pozzetto et al.
Summary: The study found that a heterologous vaccination regimen using ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 can provide better protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection with stronger neutralizing activity. This approach can activate memory B cells that recognize SARS-CoV-2, making it suitable for immunocompromised individuals.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yinon M. Bar-On et al.
Summary: The study shows that receiving a booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine can significantly lower the rates of confirmed Covid-19 and severe illness, as well as reduce mortality among individuals aged 60 and above.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ronen Arbel et al.
Summary: Among 843,208 participants in Israel aged 50 years or older who had received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine at least 5 months earlier, those who received a booster had 90% lower mortality due to Covid-19 than those who did not receive a booster during the 54-day study period.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
Summary: The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may exhibit resistance to existing neutralizing antibodies and treatments, which could have significant implications for pandemic containment efforts.
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Pinkus Tober-Lau et al.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Swantje I. Hammerschmidt et al.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Annabel A. Powell et al.
Summary: Adults receiving heterologous COVID-19 immunisation with mRNA or adenoviral-vector vaccines had higher reactogenicity rates, especially among those aged over 50, women, and individuals with prior symptomatic/confirmed COVID-19. Those who received heterologous schedules after severe first-dose reactions may have lower reactogenicity after the second dose, depending on the specific combination of vaccines used.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xinxue Liu et al.
Summary: Heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine schedules could facilitate mass immunisation, with ChAd/BNT showing non-inferior immunogenicity compared to ChAd/ChAd, but BNT/ChAd did not demonstrate non-inferiority to BNT/BNT. The results support flexibility in using heterologous prime-boost vaccination with ChAd and BNT COVID-19 vaccines.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alberto M. Borobia et al.
Summary: To date, there are no immunological data on COVID-19 heterologous vaccination schedules in humans. This study evaluated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of administering BNT162b2 as a second dose in individuals primed with ChAdOx1-S. The results showed that BNT162b2 induced a robust immune response in individuals prime vaccinated with ChAdOx1-S, with an acceptable and manageable reactogenicity profile.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Amy Flaxman et al.
Summary: The study shows that an extended interval before the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine leads to increased antibody titres, while a third dose significantly boosts antibody levels and enhances T-cell responses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tina Schmidt et al.
Summary: In healthy adults, vaccination with an mRNA vaccine as a booster, regardless of the initial vaccine, resulted in higher levels of spike-specific antibodies and T cells compared to booster vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19. Heterologous vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 followed by an mRNA vaccine induced strong immune responses with acceptable reactogenicity, showing similar or better effects than homologous mRNA vaccine regimens.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joana Barros-Martins et al.
Summary: A study found that booster vaccination with BNT162b2 in healthcare professionals previously vaccinated with ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19 elicited more neutralizing antibodies and higher frequencies of virus-specific T cells. Additionally, BNT162b2 induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies against variants of concern, such as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
David Hillus et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccinations, with results showing that heterologous immunization has good immunogenicity and tolerability.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Berislav Bosnjak et al.
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 convalescent patients have neutralizing antibodies in their serum that can effectively block the entry of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The levels of these neutralizing antibodies are correlated with the duration and severity of clinical symptoms, but not with age. The sVNT test is simpler, faster, and more cost-effective compared to the pVNT test, making it valuable for assessing the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies and selecting potential plasma donors for successful passive antibody therapy.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Georg M. N. Behrens et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maheshi N. Ramasamy et al.