Interplay between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease: Epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment considerations

Article Transplantation

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease predicts new onset of chronic kidney disease better than fatty liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Marenao Tanaka et al.

Summary: The study found a modest and independent association between MAFLD and new onset of CKD, and MAFLD was a better predictor for the development of CKD compared to FL or NAFLD.

NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Efpeglenatide and Clinical Outcomes With and Without Concomitant Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition Use in Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Analysis of the AMPLITUDE-O Trial

Carolyn S. P. Lam et al.

Summary: The analysis of the AMPLITUDE-O trial suggests that the efficacy and safety of Efpeglenatide are not impacted by concurrent use of SGLT2 inhibitors. These data support the combined use of SGLT2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Semaglutide and Liraglutide on Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and LEADER

Ahmed M. Shaman et al.

Summary: The study assessed the impact of semaglutide and liraglutide on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, showing significant kidney-protective effects with these medications and more pronounced effects in patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Michael H. Le et al.

Summary: This study aimed to determine the global and regional prevalence trends of NAFLD. The results showed that the overall prevalence of NAFLD is increasing, despite regional variations. South America and North America have the highest prevalence rates. The study suggests that policy makers should increase awareness of NAFLD and promote healthy lifestyle environments to reverse this trend.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

An oral GLP-1 and GIP dual receptor agonist improves metabolic disorders in high fat-fed mice

Teng Ma et al.

Summary: The novel hybrid peptide 19W, a dual receptor agonist of GLP-1 and GIP, exhibits higher stability and improved glucose metabolism in mice and rats, leading to reduced food intake, body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and improvements in glucose tolerance and lipid profiles. This new potential therapy shows promise in reducing adiposity, hyperglycemia, and improving liver fibrosis associated with obesity, making it a candidate for oral treatment of obesity and diabetes.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Estimating Global Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight or Obese Adults

Jiaye Liu et al.

Summary: This study estimated the global prevalence of MAFLD in overweight and obese adults to be 50.7%. Male had a significantly higher MAFLD prevalence than female, and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome were found to have high prevalence rates.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Causal effects from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on kidney function: A Mendelian randomization study

Sehoon Park et al.

Summary: The Mendelian randomization study found a causal relationship between NAFLD and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), indicating that NAFLD may lead to kidney function impairment.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with kidney disease

Ting-Yao Wang et al.

Summary: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is proposed as a replacement term for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to emphasize the role of metabolic dysfunction and provide inclusive diagnostic criteria. MAFLD is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may increase the risk of CKD.

NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY (2022)

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Article Transplantation

Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 attenuates chronic kidney disease progression in a 5/6 nephrectomy mouse model through the excretion of anti-inflammatory molecules

Somkanya Tungsanga et al.

Summary: L34 attenuates kidney injuries and gut-derived uremic toxins in 5/6Nx mice.

NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Article Surgery

Prevalence of Elevated Liver Stiffness Among Potential Candidates for Bariatric Surgery in the United States

Stefano Ciardullo et al.

Summary: Obesity is a risk factor for metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease, and the prevalence of elevated liver stiffness is high in potential candidates for bariatric surgery intervention.

OBESITY SURGERY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ipragliflozin attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development in an animal model

Asahiro Morishita et al.

Summary: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease with no decisive treatment. In this study, it was found that the SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin can improve NASH by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules, independent of insulin. Additionally, ipragliflozin appears to modulate NASH development through the antioxidative stress pathway and by regulating miR-19b-3p.

PLOS ONE (2022)

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Article Surgery

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in a bariatric versus nonbariatric population: a retrospective analysis of the US National Inpatient Sample database

David Romero Funes et al.

Summary: This study examined the effects of bariatric surgery on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and found that patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a significantly lower prevalence and likelihood of CKD. Additionally, bariatric surgery was associated with a moderate decrease in the rate of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES (2022)

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Article Surgery

Sleeve gastrectomy in patients with severe obesity and baseline chronic kidney disease improves kidney function independently of weight loss: a propensity score matched analysis

David Romero Funes et al.

Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed bariatric patients who underwent SG in a US hospital and found significant improvement in eGFR at 12 months postoperatively in patients with CKD stage >= 2, unrelated to weight loss.

SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Liraglutide inhibits receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) signaling to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in vivo and vitro

Jingquan Ji et al.

Summary: Liraglutide has a protective effect on NAFLD by reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress in liver cells, as well as decreasing proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells.

BIOENGINEERED (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Liver Stiffness, Albuminuria and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with NAFLD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Stefano Ciardullo et al.

Summary: This meta-analysis examines the association between liver stiffness and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results show that patients with liver fibrosis assessed by vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) have a higher risk of CKD compared to those without liver fibrosis. Elevated liver stiffness is also significantly associated with increased risk of higher urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). The findings suggest that wider use of VCTE to screen for advanced fibrosis may help identify patients at risk of kidney damage.

BIOMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Liver Steatosis: Better Predictor of CKD in MAFLD Than Liver Fibrosis as Determined by Transient Elastography With Controlled Attenuation Parameter

Luciana Marc et al.

Summary: Changing the term NAFLD to MAFLD may broaden the pathological definition to include chronic renal involvement. The study found that hepatic steatosis assessed by CAP is a better predictor of CKD than hepatic fibrosis assessed by LSM in patients with MAFLD. High CAP values were strongly associated with the presence of CKD compared to LSM values.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Bifidobacterium bifidum Shows More Diversified Ways of Relieving Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Compared with Bifidobacterium adolescentis

Linlin Wang et al.

Summary: The occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to intestinal microbiota disturbance. This study found that Bifidobacterium exerts species-specific effects on NAFLD, alleviating the disease by regulating the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota, increasing the levels of propionic acid and butyric acid, regulating lipid metabolism and intestinal permeability.

BIOMEDICINES (2022)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis

Doudou Li et al.

Summary: This study aimed to summarize the health outcomes related to circulating TMAO concentrations. It identified 6 associations with highly suggestive evidence, suggesting that TMAO may be a novel biomarker for human health conditions including all-cause mortality, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and kidney function.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GKLC1 ameliorates cisplatin-induced chronic nephrotoxicity by inhibiting cell inflammation and apoptosis

You-Shan Tsai et al.

Summary: The study shows that the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GKLC1 can alleviate cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) by suppressing kidney damage and inflammation through multiple pathways.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2022)

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Editorial Material Urology & Nephrology

The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists in the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease Insights from the AMPLITUDE-O Trial

Kalie L. Tommerdahl et al.

CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Pleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and heart failure outcomes

Panagiotis Theofilis et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors play an important role in the treatment of heart failure, with effects such as restoration of autophagy, regulation of inflammatory, oxidative, and fibrotic pathways, improvement of endothelial function, and reduction of epicardial adipose tissue. Clinical trials have shown a reduction in heart failure hospitalizations regardless of diabetes status and degree of systolic dysfunction. Upcoming randomized trials are expected to provide further clinical and mechanistic evidence regarding the diverse effects of SGLT2 inhibition in heart failure.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease Increases the Risk of Systemic Complications and Mortality. A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of 12 620 736 Individuals

Jingxuan Quek et al.

Summary: MAFLD significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality, as well as various systemic diseases such as stroke and chronic kidney disease.

ENDOCRINE PRACTICE (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Association of MAFLD With Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease: A 4.6-Year Cohort Study in China

Yebei Liang et al.

Summary: The study investigated the prevalence and incidence of MAFLD and its association with diabetes, CKD, and CVD. MAFLD was found to be associated with higher risks of incident diabetes, CKD, and CVD. Patients with MAFLD combined with excessive alcohol consumption and HBV infection had increased risks of incident diabetes compared with those without fatty liver.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Regulation

Giorgia Magliocca et al.

Summary: This review provides an overview of the effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on CKD-associated inflammation and oxidative stress, based on pre-clinical and clinical evidence. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is a significant alteration in the gut microbiota, resulting in reduced production of beneficial bacterial metabolites. However, SCFAs have been shown to have beneficial effects in modulating inflammation and oxidative stress in CKD.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Empagliflozin Treatment Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis by Promoting White Adipose Expansion in Obese TallyHo Mice

Ryan Kurtz et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibition has emerged as a new therapeutic target for patients with diabetes and kidney disease. This study using an obese TallyHo mouse model found that modulation of renal glucose handling can decrease circulating triglycerides and lipid accumulation in the liver, improve liver structure and function, and promote healthy adipose expansion.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Lactobacillus paracasei 24 Attenuates Lipid Accumulation in HighFat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

Zhijing Liu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that Lactobacillus paracasei 24 (LP24) can alleviate lipid accumulation in an obese mouse model induced by a high-fat diet. The alleviating effect is achieved through improving blood lipid levels and liver health by regulating the gut microbiota.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Non-invasive evaluation of response to obeticholic acid in patients with NASH: Results from the REGENERATE study

Mary E. Rinella et al.

Summary: Non-invasive tests (NITs) have potential applications in evaluating fibrosis and treatment response in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Treatment with obeticholic acid (OCA) can lead to reduced levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, as well as improvements in Fibrosis-4, FibroTest, FibroMeter, and FibroScan-AST scores.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Improvement of kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease and severe obesity after bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Yung Lee et al.

Summary: Bariatric surgery has been shown to improve kidney function and slow the progression of CKD in obese patients. However, it does not have a significant impact on the relative risk of stage 3 CKD, but it significantly reduces the risk of having uACR >30 mg/g or above. Further studies are needed to determine the feasibility of bariatric surgery as a treatment option for CKD.

NEPHROLOGY (2022)

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Article Surgery

Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Albuminuria in Non-Diabetic Non-Hypertensive Patients with Severe Obesity: a Short-Term Outcome

Ehab Fathy et al.

Summary: This study found that bariatric surgery can improve albuminuria in patients with severe obesity who do not have diabetes or hypertension. Albuminuria is an early sign of chronic kidney disease and a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

OBESITY SURGERY (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The impact of SGLT2 inhibition on imaging markers of cardiac function: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Panagiotis Theofilis et al.

Summary: The use of SGLT2 inhibitors has shown significant improvement in cardiac function indices in patients with heart failure. These improvements include increased LVEF and GLS, decreased LVESV, LVMi, LAVi, and E/e & PRIME；, and neutral effect on LVEDV.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Serum leptin level and incidence of CKD: a longitudinal study of adult enrolled in the Korean genome and epidemiology study(KoGES)

Yon Chul Park et al.

Summary: This study found that higher plasma leptin levels are significantly associated with the incidence of CKD, independent of traditional factors such as age and baseline eGFR. The results suggest that leptin may play a role in explaining the association between obesity and kidney disease.

BMC NEPHROLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The mTORC1/AMPK pathway plays a role in the beneficial effects of semaglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) on the liver of obese mice

Pedro Henrique Reis-Barbosa et al.

Summary: By studying the effects of semaglutide on the liver metabolic pathway genes in obese mice, it was found that semaglutide can attenuate the mTOR pathway related to lipogenesis and metabolism, and partially restore the AMPK pathway related to the cell's primary energy source. These findings are promising in delaying the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

CLINICS AND RESEARCH IN HEPATOLOGY AND GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis MG741 Reduces Body Weight and Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Improving the Gut Permeability and Amelioration of Inflammatory Cytokines

Moon Ho Do et al.

Summary: The specific probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis MG741 (MG741) has been found to improve the symptoms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity caused by high-fat diet. It regulates gene expression and lipid accumulation in the liver, reduces liver steatosis score, and improves gut health by reducing toxicity and upregulating tight junctions.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effect of tirzepatide versus insulin degludec on liver fat content and abdominal adipose tissue in people with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3 MRI): a substudy of the randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 SURPASS-3 trial

Amalia Gastaldelli et al.

Summary: Tirzepatide demonstrated significant reductions in liver fat content, visceral adipose tissue, and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes in the SURPASS-3 study.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yuyuan Zhang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of empagliflozin in patients with NAFLD. Through analyzing data from four relevant articles, the study found that empagliflozin can improve body composition, insulin resistance, liver fibrosis, and hepatic enzyme levels in NAFLD patients. Therefore, empagliflozin may emerge as a new option for treating NAFLD, but further research is needed to validate its efficacy and safety.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

High-Sensitive CRP Correlates With the Severity of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in Obese Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Cuiling Zhu et al.

Summary: This study found that elevated serum hsCRP levels were positively correlated with the severity of MAFLD among Chinese obese patients. This suggests that hsCRP can be used as a potential biomarker to monitor and predict disease severity in obese patients with MAFLD.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Empagliflozin-Enhanced Antioxidant Defense Attenuates Lipotoxicity and Protects Hepatocytes by Promoting FoxO3a-and Nrf2-Mediated Nuclear Translocation via the CAMKK2/AMPK Pathway

Yangyang Wang et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin on lipotoxicity in palmitic acid-treated LO2 cell lines. The results showed that empagliflozin protected hepatocytes and inhibited palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial functions, and attenuating apoptosis and inflammation responses.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Circulating Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhongwei Zhou et al.

Summary: This meta-analysis found that higher circulating TMAO levels were associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The relationship may be dependent on the dose of TMAO and independent of renal function, inflammation, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Metabolic Syndrome but Not Fatty Liver-Associated Genetic Variants Correlates with Glomerular Renal Function Decline in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Francesco Baratta et al.

Summary: The association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be related to shared metabolic risk factors rather than the genetic background of NAFLD.

BIOMEDICINES (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Probiotic Therapy With VSL#3® in Patients With NAFLD: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Giuseppe Derosa et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VSL#3(R) in improving hepatic parameters. The results showed that VSL#3(R) therapy reduced triglycerides and inflammatory status, and improved hepatic steatosis, with no difference between men and women.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2022)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Effect of Probiotics on Liver Enzymes in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Umbrella of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vali Musazadeh et al.

Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the effects of probiotics on NAFLD. The results revealed that probiotics supplementation can improve liver function tests in patients with NAFLD, suggesting that probiotics could be recommended as an adjuvant therapeutic method for the management of NAFLD.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2022)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

The Role of Melatonin in Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Associated Risk Factors: A New Tool in Our Arsenal?

Panagiotis Theofilis et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: A nationwide cohort study

Chan-Young Jung et al.

Summary: This study suggests that metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) identifies a higher proportion of individuals at risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

DIABETES & METABOLISM (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Comparative efficacy of novel antidiabetic drugs on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Hongwei Cao et al.

Summary: The network meta-analysis demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors were superior to GLP-1RAs and DPP-4 inhibitors in reducing cardiovascular and renal events in patients with DKD.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2022)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

What's preventing us from curbing the obesity crisis?

[Anonymous]

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Article Surgery

The Benefit of Bariatric Surgery on Histological Features of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease Assessed Through Noninvasive Methods

Diego Meneses et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of bariatric surgery on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The results showed that bariatric surgery improved or resolved steatohepatitis and fibrosis in patients with obesity. Certain biochemical markers and fibrosis risk scores also showed significant improvement.

OBESITY SURGERY (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Melatonin Alleviates PM2.5-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in ApoE-/- Mice

Zhou Du et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates for the first time that melatonin alleviates PM2.5-induced hepatic steatosis and liver damage through the regulation of ROS-mediated PTP1B and Nrf2 signaling pathways. These findings suggest that melatonin administration may be a promising therapy for the prevention and treatment of MAFLD associated with air pollution.

OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impact of semaglutide on biochemical and radiologic measures of metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease across the spectrum of glycaemia: A meta-analysis

Deep Dutta et al.

Summary: This meta-analysis examines the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in the treatment of MAFLD. The results show that low-dose semaglutide injections can significantly reduce ALT, liver fat content, and improve blood glucose and lipid levels. However, the current conclusions are limited by the small number of patients evaluated, and larger studies are needed to further validate the findings.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2022)

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Review Immunology

The impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in rodents

Panagiotis Theofilis et al.

Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of SGLT2 inhibition on inflammatory markers in animal models. The findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibition results in reduction of inflammatory markers, further validating the suggested anti-inflammatory mechanism of action.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Kidney outcomes associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: A real-world population-based analysis

David Tak Wai Lui et al.

Summary: This study compared the impacts of SGLT2i and GLP1RA on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and found that SGLT2i may be superior to GLP1RA in reducing kidney outcomes. In real-world application, SGLT2i users had a lower risk of composite kidney outcomes and a slower decline in eGFR.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Melatonin Suppresses NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via TLR4/NF-?B and P2X7R Signaling in High-Fat Diet-Induced Murine NASH Model

Moumita Saha et al.

Summary: This study investigated the role of melatonin (MLT) in amending high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the murine liver. MLT administration reduced NASH indices and restored the hepatic morphology and other pathophysiological features. MLT suppressed inflammasome activation and P2X7R expression, and increased Nrf2 level, which may normalize antioxidant protein expression. MLT also repressed matrix metalloproteinases and increased TIMP-1 level, suggesting improvement in liver fibrosis.

JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity

Ania M. Jastreboff et al.

Summary: In this 72-week trial in participants with obesity, once-weekly doses of 5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg of tirzepatide provided substantial and sustained reductions in body weight, and improvements in cardiometabolic measures were also observed.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Favorable impact of long-term SGLT2 inhibitor for NAFLD complicated by diabetes mellitus: A 5-year follow-up study

Norio Akuta et al.

Summary: This study investigated the impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after 5 years of treatment. The results showed that, after 5 years, 50% of patients had histological improvement, 17% had no change, and 33% had worsening. Insulin resistance and serum ferritin levels also significantly decreased at 5 years. In addition, patients who added another treatment after long-term use of SGLT2i showed minimal worsening. This study provides important insights for understanding the long-term effects of SGLT2i in treating NAFLD with T2DM.

HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Ipragliflozin Improves the Hepatic Outcomes of Patients With Diabetes with NAFLD

Hirokazu Takahashi et al.

Summary: Long-term treatment with ipragliflozin improves hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD and may be effective for treating and preventing NASH in diabetes patients, while also improving glycemic control and obesity. Further larger studies are needed to confirm these effects.

HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Trimethylamine N-oxide levels are associated with NASH in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes

P. Leon-Mimila et al.

Summary: This study found that in obese subjects, TMAO and choline levels are associated with NAFLD, with TMAO levels showing the most significant correlation with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) risk. In patients with T2D, TMAO levels are significantly associated with NASH, while in non-T2D subjects, this association loses significance but is still linked to secondary bile acids and NASH.

DIABETES & METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Effect of a Probiotic Combination in an Experimental Mouse Model and Clinical Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study

I-Kuan Wang et al.

Summary: Probiotics were found to attenuate renal fibrosis and improve renal function in CKD mice, as well as slowing down the rate of decline in eGFR in human patients, and improving gastrointestinal symptoms and stool microbiota changes. Probiotics may be an effective way to slow down renal function deterioration in CKD.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2021)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Advances in understanding the role of adiponectin in renal fibrosis

Dan Zhao et al.

Summary: Renal fibrosis is characterized by the proliferation of renal intrinsic cells, activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts, and ECM deposition, leading to progressive loss of renal function. Adiponectin has been found to inhibit ECM deposition by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, and by regulating various signaling pathways. This provides a theoretical basis for delaying and blocking renal fibrosis.

NEPHROLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Hokyou Lee et al.

Summary: This study found a high prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) among middle-aged Korean adults, with MAFLD having a significantly higher prevalence than NAFLD. Both NAFLD and MAFLD were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Sotagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease

Deepak L. Bhatt et al.

Summary: The trial involving 10,584 patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease showed that sotagliflozin resulted in fewer deaths from cardiovascular causes, hospitalizations for heart failure, and urgent visits for heart failure compared to placebo. However, there were adverse events such as diarrhea, mycotic infections, and diabetic ketoacidosis associated with sotagliflozin.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Fibrotic Effects of TMAO on Human Renal Fibroblasts Is Mediated by NLRP3, Caspase-1 and the PERK/Akt/mTOR Pathway

Stefania Kapetanaki et al.

Summary: TMAO activates and proliferates renal fibroblasts via the PERK/Akt/mTOR pathway, NLRP3, and caspase-1 signaling, leading to fibrosis, while not inducing the release of fibronectin or TGF-beta 1 from renal fibroblasts.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inflammation in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Marios Sagris et al.

Summary: Chronic low-grade inflammation plays a role in coronary atherosclerosis, leading to a range of clinical manifestations. Microvascular dysfunction in the coronary arteries can reduce oxygen supply to the myocardium. Anti-inflammatory agents may offer new treatment approaches for reducing cardiovascular events.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inflammatory Mediators of Platelet Activation: Focus on Atherosclerosis and COVID-19

Panagiotis Theofilis et al.

Summary: In the context of dysfunctional vascular endothelium, platelet activation occurs due to structural alterations like endothelial glycocalyx thinning or functional modifications through impaired NO bioavailability. Additionally, neutrophil-derived mediators and neutrophil extracellular traps formation contribute to platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in platelets, along with factors like TNF-alpha, play critical roles in inducing inflammatory responses and affecting platelet activation. Furthermore, new concepts linking inflammation and platelet activation, such as toll-like receptors, myeloperoxidase, and platelet factor-4, have been explored. The evidence is particularly relevant in the context of COVID-19, where excessive inflammation leads to thrombotic complications partially mediated by platelet activation. Advances in anti-inflammatory therapies have shown promise in reducing platelet activation and its thrombotic effects.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inhibition of microbiota-dependent TMAO production attenuates chronic kidney disease in mice

Wenchao Zhang et al.

Summary: Inhibition of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production was found to attenuate the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiac hypertrophy in mice, suggesting that reducing TMAO levels may be a novel strategy in treating CKD and its cardiovascular disease complications.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Renoprotective role of bariatric surgery in patients with established chronic kidney disease

Enrique Morales et al.

Summary: Bariatric surgery is shown to be an effective option for preventing kidney damage in obese subjects with chronic kidney disease by improving glomerular hyperfiltration, reducing adipocyte cytokines metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Studies on the evolution of renal function, adipose tissue-derived molecules, and inflammatory parameters in patients with CKD after BS demonstrate significant improvements in various aspects of kidney health post-surgery.

CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Physiology

Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Aggravates Kidney Injury via Activation of p38/MAPK Signaling and Upregulation of HuR

Yunshi Lai et al.

Summary: This study investigated the role and mechanism of TMAO in aggravating kidney injury in CKD rats, finding that TMAO significantly exacerbated renal failure and inflammatory cell infiltration, promoted oxidative stress, and activated inflammatory pathways. The results suggest that TMAO may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CKD by inhibiting its synthesis or promoting its clearance.

KIDNEY & BLOOD PRESSURE RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Early Kidney Dysfunction in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Is Transient Elastography Useful as a Screening Method?

Marta Freitas et al.

Summary: In this study, significant liver fibrosis was found to be associated with an increased risk of early kidney dysfunction in patients with MAFLD. Higher levels of liver stiffness measurement can help timely identify early kidney dysfunction and related complications, aiding in the prevention of chronic kidney disease in the long term.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Cardiorenal outcomes in eligible patients referred for bariatric surgery

Satya Dash et al.

Summary: Patients with self-exclusion from surgery have higher risk of cardiovascular disease, and the cardiorenal benefits of bariatric surgery need to be confirmed in a well-powered randomized clinical trial.

OBESITY (2021)

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Article Surgery

Renal Outcomes 1 Year After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery in a Multi-ethnic Asian Cohort

Zongwen Wee et al.

Summary: Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) has a positive impact on renal function, with significant improvement in eGFR and reduction in albuminuria at 1 year post-surgery. Further long-term studies are needed to investigate the durability of this impact.

OBESITY SURGERY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The HSD17B13 rs72613567 variant is associated with lower levels of albuminuria in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Dan-Qin Sun et al.

Summary: The A allele of HSD17B13 rs72613567 is associated with a lower risk of abnormal albuminuria in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD, without affecting eGFR or urinary/serum NGAL levels.

NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (2021)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Gut Microbiota-Derived Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Kidney Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yan Zeng et al.

Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between circulating TMAO concentrations and kidney function, finding a negative association with advanced CKD leading to increased TMAO concentrations and decreased glomerular filtration rate. TMAO was also found to be inversely correlated with GFR and positively associated with various kidney function indicators such as UACR, sCr, UAER, blood urea, blood uric acid, and serum cystatin C.

ADVANCES IN NUTRITION (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Liraglutide Decreases Liver Fat Content and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Newly Diagnosed Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Xinyue Li et al.

Summary: The study indicates that liraglutide has a significant effect on reducing liver fat content and FGF21 levels in newly diagnosed overweight patients with T2DM and NAFLD. There is a positive correlation between relative changes in liver fat content and FGF21.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Bifidobacterium adolescentis Alleviates Liver Steatosis and Steatohepatitis by Increasing Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Sensitivity

Xiaoxue Long et al.

Summary: The supplementation of B. adolescentis can alleviate NAFLD by increasing FGF21 sensitivity. The study demonstrated that B. adolescentis reversed CDHFD-induced liver steatosis and steatohepatitis by maintaining gut barrier integrity, reducing gut microbiota-derived LPS, and inhibiting hepatic TLR4/NF-κB pathway expression.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Liver Fibrosis and MAFLD: From Molecular Aspects to Novel Pharmacological Strategies

Weiyi Qu et al.

Summary: MAFLD/NAFLD, caused by nutrition overload leading to liver damage, lacks effective treatments for fibrosis reversal. Research on antifibrotic treatments focuses on discovering new targets and drugs, but challenges remain in achieving significant breakthroughs.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Genetic Polymorphisms and Clinical Features in Diabetic Patients With Fatty Liver: Results From a Single-Center Experience in Southern Italy

Rosanna Villani et al.

Summary: The study reveals the potential role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of clinical phenotypes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes, particularly in identifying patients at higher risk.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Lactobacillus plantarum MA2 Ameliorates Methionine and Choline-Deficient Diet Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats by Improving the Intestinal Microecology and Mucosal Barrier

Yanping Wang et al.

Summary: The study showed that treatment with probiotic L. plantarum MA2 significantly improved lipid metabolism and liver pathology in NAFLD rats, reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It also improved intestinal microbiota structure and reduced LPS levels, inhibiting downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. This suggests the potential application of L. plantarum MA2 in alleviating NAFLD and developing new therapeutic strategies.

FOODS (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with all-cause mortality in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Jose L. Flores-Guerrero et al.

Summary: This study revealed that plasma concentrations of TMAO were associated with all-cause mortality in subjects with NAFLD, independently of traditional risk factors. However, such an association was not present in subjects without NAFLD.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Efficacy and safety of obeticholic acid in liver disease--A systematic review and meta-analysis

Anand V. Kulkarni et al.

Summary: Obeticholic acid (OCA) shows efficacy in improving NASH fibrosis and a better response in PBC patients with a 5mg dose. While 10mg OCA is effective for NASH fibrosis regression, only 5mg OCA is required for PBC patients.

CLINICS AND RESEARCH IN HEPATOLOGY AND GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Association Between Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from NHANES 2017-2018

Yunlei Deng et al.

Summary: The study revealed that the association between MAFLD and CKD may be mediated by metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes mellitus and hyperuricemia.

DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY (2021)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Chronic Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Role of Nrf2

Peter Stenvinkel et al.

Summary: Despite recent advances in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD), morbidity and mortality rates in these patients remain high. Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction are now recognized as key factors in the etiology and progression of CKD. Various mechanisms, such as NF-KB and Nrf2-mediated gene transcription, regulate the inflammatory response in CKD, impacting glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline and eventual progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in various kidney diseases.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The effects of melatonin therapy on the treatment of patients with Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and Meta-analysis on clinical trial studies

Arash Akhavan Rezayat et al.

Summary: Melatonin treatment can lower levels of alanine transaminase, triglycerides, cholesterol, and other parameters in NAFLD patients, potentially slowing down the progression of the disease.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Dapagliflozin attenuates steatosis in livers of high-fat diet-induced mice and oleic acid-treated L02 cells via regulating AMPK/mTOR pathway

Jingyi Luo et al.

Summary: The study found that DAPA significantly suppressed fat accumulation in liver tissues of mice and cells, and regulated the expression levels of proteins related to lipid synthesis and genes associated with fatty acid oxidation. Moreover, DAPA activated AMPK phosphorylation and inhibited mTOR phosphorylation, ameliorating hepatic steatosis through the AMPK/mTOR pathway.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Atherosclerosis: Current Pharmaceutical Perspectives

Marios Sagris et al.

Summary: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with excess mortality worldwide, with the cardiovascular system being a common target. Inflammatory pathways involved in COVID-19 and atherosclerosis are similar, and anti-inflammatory agents and immunomodulators have shown promise in reducing cardiovascular events.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Trends in Prevalence of Diabetes and Control of Risk Factors in Diabetes Among US Adults, 1999-2018

Li Wang et al.

Summary: The study based on NHANES data from US adults reveals a significant increase in the prevalence of diabetes between 1999-2000 and 2017-2018. Only around 21% of adults with diagnosed diabetes achieved all three risk factor control goals in 2015-2018.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Preventive Effects of Lactobacillus Mixture against Chronic Kidney Disease Progression through Enhancement of Beneficial Bacteria and Downregulation of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins

Hsiaowen Huang et al.

Summary: A probiotic screening platform based on gut-derived uremic toxin-reducing probiotics was developed and verified in a CKD mouse model, demonstrating that the probiotic mixture improved kidney function, reversed gut dysbiosis, and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Wu Jianping et al.

Summary: GLP-1RA improves liver steatosis and fibrosis, and benefits metabolic syndrome by reducing BMI, WC, and hyperlipidemia.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Efpeglenatide in Type 2 Diabetes

Hertzel C. Gerstein et al.

Summary: The trial compared the cardiovascular and renal outcomes of weekly injections of efpeglenatide versus a placebo in participants with type 2 diabetes and a history of cardiovascular disease or current kidney disease. The study found that the risk of cardiovascular events was lower with efpeglenatide treatment, and a composite renal outcome event was also reduced.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Changes in markers of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes during treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. A multicenter retrospective longitudinal study

Mario Luca Morieri et al.

Summary: This study found that MAFLD and advanced fibrosis are common in patients with type 2 diabetes, and treatment with GLP-1RAs improved MAFLD but not MAFLD-associated advanced fibrosis.

NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

The Effect of Probiotics (MCP(R) BCMC(R) Strains) on Hepatic Steatosis, Small Intestinal Mucosal Immune Function, and Intestinal Barrier in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Mohamad Hizami Mohamad Nor et al.

Summary: The use of probiotics did not lead to significant clinical improvement in NAFLD patients in terms of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis levels, but at the microenvironment level, probiotics seemed to stabilize mucosal immune function and protect patients against increased intestinal permeability. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different probiotic strains are needed to evaluate the true benefit of probiotics in NAFLD.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Article Physiology

Trimethylamine N-Oxide Exacerbates Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Rats With Diabetic Kidney Disease

Qing Fang et al.

Summary: The study found that TMAO can exacerbate renal dysfunction and fibrosis in DKD rats, activate inflammasomes to worsen renal inflammation.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inflammatory Mechanisms Contributing to Endothelial Dysfunction

Panagiotis Theofilis et al.

Summary: Maintenance of endothelial cell integrity is crucial for human health, as dysfunction can lead to various diseases. Activated and injured endothelial cells release inflammatory mediators and enter a pro-thrombotic state, ultimately promoting atherosclerosis progression. Various pathways and mechanisms contribute to endothelial dysfunction, highlighting the complexity of this process.

BIOMEDICINES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of Leptin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Carlos Jimenez-Cortegana et al.

Summary: NAFLD affects a quarter of the global population and poses a significant health and economic burden across all countries. The lack of approved pharmacotherapy and well-established diagnostic strategies for this disease highlights the urgency for further research and management efforts. Studies have shown a strong relationship between the hormone leptin and the development of NAFLD, suggesting potential advancements in disease management through further investigation of its role.

BIOMEDICINES (2021)

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Article Transplantation

Plasma total adiponectin and changes in renal function in a cohort from the community: the prospective Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome study

Frederic Fumeron et al.

Summary: In the general population, higher levels of plasma adiponectin are associated with decreased renal function.

NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Weissella cibaria MG5285 and Lactobacillus reuteri MG5149 attenuated fat accumulation in adipose and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6J obese mice

Soo-Im Choi et al.

Summary: This study investigated the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of action of four human-derived lactic acid bacterial strains in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The results showed that these strains reduced body weight, liver and adipose tissue weights, improved glucose tolerance, and lowered serum triglyceride levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, they attenuated fat accumulation in the liver and adipose tissue by regulating specific proteins related to lipid metabolism.

FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Benefits of resistant starch type 2 for patients with end-stage renal disease under maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Linpei Jia et al.

Summary: Based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, it was found that RS2 may improve the residual renal function of patients undergoing MHD treatment and alleviate the inflammatory response.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Association Between a Polymorphism in MBOAT7 and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Biopsy-Confirmed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Bo Kyung Koo et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Evaluating the Effects of Canagliflozin on Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease According to Baseline HbA1c, Including Those With HbA1c <7% Results From the CREDENCE Trial

Christopher P. Cannon et al.

CIRCULATION (2020)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

The Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Parameters of Mental Health, Glycemic Control, Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk, and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi et al.

JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

PNPLA3 rs738409 is associated with renal glomerular and tubular injury in NAFLD patients with persistently normal ALT levels

Dan-Qin Sun et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Leptin/adiponectin ratio correlates with hepatic steatosis but not arterial stiffness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese population

Kenichiro Mikami et al.

CYTOKINE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

FIB-4 Index and Diabetes Mellitus Are Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Japanese Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Yuya Seko et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

PNPLA3 I148M gene variant and chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients with NAFLD: Clinical and experimental findings

Alessandro Mantovani et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Hematology

Targeted Inhibition of Gut Microbial Trimethylamine N-Oxide Production Reduces Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis and Functional Impairment in a Murine Model of Chronic Kidney Disease

Nilaksh Gupta et al.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effects of Novel Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide on Biomarkers of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Mark L. Hartman et al.

DIABETES CARE (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement

Mohammed Eslam et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High serum adiponectin as a biomarker of renal dysfunction: Results from the KNOW-CKD study

Su Hyun Song et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Renal, Cardiovascular, and Safety Outcomes of Canagliflozin by Baseline Kidney Function: A Secondary Analysis of the CREDENCE Randomized Trial

Meg J. Jardine et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Call of Attention to Nephrologists

Jose Luis Gorriz et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

A link between inflammation and thrombosis in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: Clinical and therapeutic implications

Evangelos Oikonomou et al.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Hiddo J. L. Heerspink et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Effects of Canagliflozin in Patients with Baseline eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 Subgroup Analysis of the Randomized CREDENCE Trial

George Bakris et al.

CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effects of dapagliflozin on major adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial

David C Wheeler et al.

Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Association between PNPLA3rs738409 polymorphism decreased kidney function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women with or without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

A. Mantovani et al.

DIABETES & METABOLISM (2019)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis

Matthias Blueher

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Trimethylamine N-Oxide Aggravates Liver Steatosis through Modulation of Bile Acid Metabolism and Inhibition of Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Xuying Tan et al.

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

V. Perkovic et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Trimethylamine N-oxide attenuates high-fat high-cholesterol diet-induced steatohepatitis by reducing hepatic cholesterol overload in rats

Ze-Hua Zhao et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2019)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Association between prediabetes (defined by HbA1C, fasting plasma glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance) and the development of chronic kidney disease: a 9-year prospective cohort study

Gwang Sil Kim et al.

BMC NEPHROLOGY (2019)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zobair M. Younossi et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in Chinese rural residents: a cross-sectional survey

Jiayu Duan et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

FXR/TGR5 Dual Agonist Prevents Progression of Nephropathy in Diabetes and Obesity

Xiaoxin X. Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2018)

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Review Cell Biology

Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Mario Masarone et al.

OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY (2018)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid inhibits renal inflammation and oxidative stress during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury

Jin-Bo Zhu et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Supplementation of Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Sodium Propionate, in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: Beneficial Effects on Inflammatory Parameters and Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins, A Pilot Study (PLAN Study)

Stefania Marzocco et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Prevalence and related risk factors of chronic kidney disease among adults in Luxembourg: evidence from the observation of cardiovascular risk factors (ORISCAV-LUX) study

Ala'a Alkerwi et al.

BMC NEPHROLOGY (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gut microbial metabolite TMAO contributes to renal dysfunction in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity

Guangping Sun et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Associations of gut-floradependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide, betaine and choline with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults

Yu-ming Chen et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (FLINT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri et al.

LANCET (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Association Between Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain Containing 3 Gene (PNPLA3) Polymorphisms and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis

Renfan Xu et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Farnesoid X Receptor Ligand Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury by Enhancing Small Heterodimer Partner

Eun Hui Bae et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines, the key mediators in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Sanja Stojsavljevic et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

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Review Transplantation

Adipokines promote chronic kidney disease

Christiane Ruester et al.

NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION (2013)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Low Serum Adiponectin Levels Are Predictive of Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients With NAFLD

Savvoula Savvidou et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY (2009)

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Article Physiology

The farnesoid X receptor modulates renal lipid metabolism and diet-induced renal inflammation, fibrosis, and proteinuria

Xiaoxin X. Wang et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (2009)

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Article Physiology

Leptin is a coactivator of TGF-β in unilateral ureteral obstructive kidney disease

Philipp Kuempers et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (2007)

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Interplay between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease: Epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment considerations

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