Journal
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Volume 86, Issue 5, Pages 1168-1180Publisher
IWA PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.270
Keywords
adaptation; desalination; microalgae; salinity stress; total dissolved solid
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This study examined the direct applicability of Spirulina maxima for removing total dissolved solids (TDS) from artificial industrial wastewater. Results showed that increasing TDS levels reduced microalgal growth and TDS removal efficiency. Optimal conditions were determined using the response surface method and Box-Behnken Design.
This study aimed to examine the direct applicability of Spirulina maxima as a new conceptual method for removing total dissolved solids (TDS) from artificial industrial wastewater (AIW). In this study, live microalgal cells were used in a photobioreactor for TDS removal. The effects of TDS levels, pH, light intensity, and light retention time on microalgal growth and TDS removal were investigated, and optimal conditions were determined using the response surface method and Box-Behnken Design (RSM-BBD). The calculated values of coefficient of determination (R-2), adjusted R-2, and predicted R-2 were 0.9754, 0.9508, and 0.636, respectively, which are close to the R-2 values and validated the proposed statistical model. A second-order model could optimally determine the interactions between the studied variables according to the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that increasing TDS levels reduced microalgal growth and TDS removal efficiency in AIW. S. maxima reduced TDS by 76% and 47% at TDS concentrations of 2,000-4,000 mg/L, respectively, when used in AIW. Maximum biomass efficiency (1.8 g/L) was obtained at a TDS concentration of 2,000 mg/L with other parameters optimized.
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