Model development of bioelectrochemical systems: A critical review from the perspective of physiochemical principles and mathematical methods

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are promising devices for wastewater treatment and bio-energy production. Since various processes are interacted and affect the overall performance of the device, the development of theoretical modeling is an efficient approach to understand the fundamental mechanisms that govern the per-formance of the BES. This review aims to summarize the physiochemical principle and mathematical method in BES models, which is of great importance for the establishment of an accurate model while has received little attention in previous reviews. In this review, we begin with a classification of existing models including bio-electrochemical models, electronic models, and machine learning models. Subsequently, physiochemical prin-ciples and mathematical methods in models are discussed from two aspects: one is the description of methodology how to build a framework for models, and the other is to further review additional methods that can enrich model functions. Finally, the advantages/disadvantages, extended applications, and perspectives of models are discussed. It is expected that this review can provide a viewpoint from methodologies to understand BES models.

Automated summary

This review summarizes the physiochemical principles and mathematical methods in BES models, which are crucial for the development of accurate models. The review provides a classification of existing models and discusses the methodology and additional methods used in these models. The advantages, disadvantages, extended applications, and future perspectives of the models are also discussed.