Microalgae-based biotechnological sequestration of carbon dioxide for net zero emissions

Excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere have become a dire threat to the human race and environmental sustainability. The ultimate goal of net zero emissions requires combined efforts on CO2 sequestration (natural sinks, biomass fixation, engineered approaches) and reduction in CO2 emissions while delivering economic growth (CO2 valorization for a circular carbon bioeconomy, CCE). We discuss microalgae-based CO2 biosequestration, including flue gas cultivation, biotechnological approaches for enhanced CO2 biosequestration, technological innovations for microalgal cultivation, and CO2 valorization/biofuel productions. We highlight challenges to current practices and future perspectives with the goal of contributing to environmental sustainability, net zero emissions, and the CCE.

Automated summary

Excessive CO2 emissions are a dire threat to human beings and the environment. Achieving net zero emissions requires efforts in CO2 sequestration and reducing emissions while ensuring economic growth. This article discusses microalgae-based CO2 biosequestration methods, including flue gas cultivation, biotechnological approaches, technological innovations in microalgae cultivation, and CO2 valorization/biofuel production. The challenges in current practices and future perspectives are also highlighted.