Journal
CARBON
Volume 85, Issue -, Pages 60-71Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.12.069
Keywords
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Funding
- Converging Research Center Program [2014M3C1A8048834]
- Basic Research Laboratory Program through the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [2014R1A4A1008140]
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Education of Korea [2013R1A1A2011608]
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A nitrogen-doped carbon layer coated thermally exfoliated graphene (NC-TEG) is prepared by in-situ polymerization of p-phenylene diamine (PD) with thermally exfoliated graphene (TEG) and subsequent high temperature pyrolysis (600 degrees C for 1 h in argon gas environment). Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirm the formation of poly-(p-phenylene diamine) layers on the TEG surfaces with a nitrogen doping level of similar to 6.1%. Physisorption analysis indicates that NC-TEG not only has the enlarged surface area, but also forms hierarchical three dimensional structures with several micro and meso-pores compared to pristine TEG. Due to the synergic effect of nitrogen atoms in the carbon structures and augmented surface area, the capacitance measured from cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge-discharge increases to 282.5 F g from the 95.1 F g(-1) of TEG. Moreover, the PD monomer acts as a reversible faradaic agent. The capacitive performance of the NC-TEG electrode is investigated in different mixed electrolytes. The specific capacitance is significantly increased to 635.6 F g(-1) in a mixed electrolyte of 0.025 M PD and 2 M KOH. After 10,000 cycles, the capacitive retention shows remarkable stability as high as 87.4%. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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