Gradient Index Metasurface Lens for Microwave Imaging

This paper presents the design, simulation and experimental validation of a gradient-index (GRIN) metasurface lens operating at 8 GHz for microwave imaging applications. The unit cell of the metasurface consists of an electric-LC (ELC) resonator. The effective refractive index of the metasurface is controlled by varying the capacitive gap at the center of the unit cell. This allows the design of a gradient index surface. A one-dimensional gradient index lens is designed and tested at first to describe the operational principle of such lenses. The design methodology is extended to a 2D gradient index lens for its potential application as a microwave imaging device. The metasurface lenses are designed and analyzed using full-wave finite element (FEM) solver. The proposed 2D lens has an aperture of size 119 mm (3.17 lambda) x 119 mm (3.17 lambda) and thickness of only 0.6 mm (0.016 lambda). Horn antenna is used as source of plane waves incident on the lens to evaluate the focusing performance. Field distributions of the theoretical designs and fabricated lenses are analyzed and are shown to be in good agreement. A microwave nondestructive evaluation (NDE) experiment is performed with the 2D prototype lens to image a machined groove in a Teflon sample placed at the focal plane of the lens.

Automated summary

This paper presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a gradient-index metasurface lens for microwave imaging applications. The metasurface unit cell consists of an electric-LC resonator, and the effective refractive index is controlled by varying the capacitive gap at the center of the unit cell. A one-dimensional gradient index lens is designed and tested to explain the operational principle, and this methodology is extended to a two-dimensional lens for potential microwave imaging applications. The lenses are designed and analyzed using a full-wave finite element solver. Experimental results show that the proposed lens has good focusing performance, and a microwave nondestructive evaluation experiment is conducted to demonstrate its imaging capability.