4.8 Article

Dual spike and nucleocapsid mRNA vaccination confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants in preclinical models

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Respiratory mucosal delivery of next-generation COVID-19 vaccine provides robust protection against both ancestral and variant strains of SARS-CoV-2

Sam Afkhami et al.

Summary: The study found that using adenoviral vectors with a multivalent vaccine through intranasal immunization can generate better mucosal immune responses, including local and systemic antibody responses, mucosal tissue-resident memory T cells, and mucosal trained innate immunity, and provide protection against multiple viral variants.
Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization

Delphine Planas et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, identified in November 2021, has spread rapidly worldwide and shows resistance to most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, it can be neutralized by antibodies generated by a booster vaccine dose.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Attenuated replication and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron

Huiping Shuai et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 shows reduced replication ability in human cells and attenuated pathogenicity in mice compared with the wild-type strain and other variants. It has lower efficiency in using TMPRSS2 and causes the lowest reduction in body weight and mortality rate among the tested strains.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization

Sandile Cele et al.

Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Attenuated fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Rigel Suzuki et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly in several countries and has shown lower fusogenicity and attenuated pathogenicity compared to the Delta variant.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus causes attenuated disease in mice and hamsters

Peter J. Halfmann et al.

Summary: The recent study by the SAVE/NIAID network shows that the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant causes milder lung disease in rodents, which is consistent with preliminary human clinical data.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies

Yunlong Cao et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 contains 15 mutations in the receptor-binding domain, leading to evasion of over 85% of tested neutralizing antibodies. Different epitope groups of neutralizing antibodies are affected to varying degrees by single mutations of Omicron. Antibodies targeting the conserved region of sarbecovirus remain most effective against Omicron.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Vaccines elicit highly conserved cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron

Jinyan Liu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that cellular immunity induced by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is highly conserved to the Omicron spike protein. Individuals vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccines showed durable spike-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses that were cross-reactive to both the Delta and Omicron variants, including in central and effector memory cellular subpopulations.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Striking antibody evasion manifested by the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2

Lihong Liu et al.

Summary: The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, initially detected in southern Africa, has rapidly spread globally and is expected to become dominant due to its enhanced transmissibility in the coming weeks. This variant poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies due to its significant antibody resistance. Even individuals who have received vaccines and booster doses may have reduced neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529.

NATURE (2022)

Review Immunology

The T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2

Paul Moss

Summary: T cell immunity plays a central role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, with early responses correlating with protection. T cell memory provides broad recognition of viral proteins, limiting the impact of viral variants and offering protection against severe disease. Current COVID-19 vaccines elicit robust T cell responses, contributing to the prevention of hospitalization or death. Therefore, the importance of T cell immunity may have been underestimated.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ancestral SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells cross-recognize the Omicron variant

Yu Gao et al.

Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by prior infection or BNT162b2 vaccination provide extensive immune coverage against the Omicron variant. Additionally, T cells induced by BNT162b2 vaccination exhibit higher cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant compared to T cells induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

Article Immunology

Synthetic multiantigen MVA vaccine COH04S1 protects against SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters and non-human primates

Flavia Chiuppesi et al.

Summary: Research shows that the COH04S1 vaccine provides effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models through different vaccination routes and dose regimens. It induces specific immune responses, including cross-neutralizing antibodies, and protects against symptoms and lung damage caused by viral challenge. Additionally, the vaccine also triggers strong immune responses and antiviral reactions in non-human primates.

NPJ VACCINES (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

mRNA-1273 or mRNA-Omicron boost in vaccinated macaques elicits similar B cell expansion, neutralizing responses, and protection from Omicron

Matthew Gagne et al.

Summary: This study shows that both mRNA-1273 and mRNA-Omicron generate comparable immunity and protection after booster doses, and are able to neutralize the Omicron variant.
Article Immunology

A modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine expressing spike and nucleocapsid protects rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2 Delta infection

Nanda Kishore Routhu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that vaccination with MVA/SdFCS-N via the IM route can effectively induce cross-reactive antibody and T cell responses, providing better protection against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 VOCs compared to other vaccination routes.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Immunology

Respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA vaccination

Jinyi Tang et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces strong immune responses in the circulation, but its effectiveness in the respiratory tract, especially against variants of concern like Omicron, is still uncertain. This study found lower neutralizing antibody responses in the respiratory tract of vaccinated individuals compared to COVID-19 convalescents, despite robust antibody responses in the blood. Vaccination also induced circulating B and T cell immunity, but these responses were absent in the respiratory tract. Mouse immunization experiments showed that systemic mRNA vaccination alone resulted in weak respiratory mucosal neutralizing antibody responses, but combining it with mucosal adenovirus-S immunization produced strong neutralizing antibody responses against both the ancestral virus and the Omicron variant. Overall, this study suggests that current COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective against severe disease, but provide limited protection against breakthrough infections, particularly by the Omicron sublineage.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Spike mutation D614G alters SARS-CoV-2 fitness

Jessica A. Plante et al.

Summary: The D614G substitution in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral replication and infectivity in human lung epithelial cells, primary airway tissues, and hamsters. This variant may increase transmission in the upper respiratory tract and doesn't seem to significantly reduce vaccine efficacy. Further research on therapeutic antibodies targeting the circulating G614 virus is recommended.

NATURE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Katherine McMahan et al.

Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Molecular determinants and mechanism for antibody cocktail preventing SARS-CoV-2 escape

Zhiqiang Ku et al.

Summary: Antibody cocktails are a promising approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 escape, with a combination of antibodies CoV2-06 and CoV2-14 identified as effective in preventing viral escape and providing protection in mice, offering new insights for treating COVID-19.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity

Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran et al.

Summary: New variants of SARS-CoV-2 show high resistance to vaccine neutralization, with some able to escape vaccine responses with just a few mutations, highlighting the importance of developing broadly protective measures against variants.
Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evidence of escape of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 from natural and vaccine-induced sera

Daming Zhou et al.

Summary: The race to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1, is ongoing as these variants have mutations in the spike protein, potentially leading to immune escape. A structure-function analysis of B.1.351 revealed tighter ACE2 binding and widespread evasion from monoclonal antibody neutralization, particularly driven by the E484K mutation.
Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Qatar

Patrick Tang et al.

Summary: mRNA COVID-19 vaccines demonstrate high effectiveness in preventing severe outcomes and death caused by the Delta variant in Qatar, despite lower effectiveness at blocking infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and the Growing Threat of Viral Variants

John P. Moore et al.

Summary: This article reviews the circulating SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants and the mechanisms of immunity by which they may escape vaccine-induced protection, proposing 6 measures to address these issues, including enhanced variant isolation and testing procedures, and continued adherence to mask-wearing and other established public health measures.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

BNT162b vaccines protect rhesus macaques from SARS-CoV-2

Annette B. Vogel et al.

Summary: The two vaccine candidates, BNT162b1 and BNT162b2, developed contain modified messenger RNA encoding immunogens derived from the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. They have shown promising immune responses in mice and rhesus macaques, with ongoing phase I trials in Germany and the USA and a global phase II/III trial for BNT162b2.

NATURE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike 69/70 deletion, E484K and N501Y variants by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited sera

Xuping Xie et al.

Summary: The study found that human sera from recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 viruses containing key spike mutations from the newly emerged UK and SA variants.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 protects animals from lethal SARS-CoV challenge

Antonio Muruato et al.

Summary: The study successfully generated a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2 using a reverse genetic system, which recapitulates critical elements of human infection, including viral replication in the lung, immune cell infiltration, and significant in vivo disease.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antibody evasion by the P.1 strain of SARS-CoV-2

Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.

Summary: Ending the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires global vaccination. New virus strains with mutations impact antibody responses, but some variants are less resistant than others. A monoclonal antibody can neutralize different variants and partially restore neutralization potency for other public antibodies.
Article Immunology

CD8+ T cells specific for an immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitope cross-react with selective seasonal coronaviruses

Katie E. Lineburg et al.

Summary: Efforts are being made to understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on T cell immunity and cross-recognition with seasonal coronaviruses. Research has shown that the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces an immunodominant response and T cells demonstrate cross-reactivity towards certain coronaviruses through specific peptide conformations.

IMMUNITY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant

S. A. Madhi et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not provide significant protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 caused by the B.1.351 variant, with an efficacy of 10.4%. The incidence of serious adverse events was balanced between the vaccine and placebo groups.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

BNT162b2-elicited neutralization of B.1.617 and other SARS-CoV-2 variants

Jianying Liu et al.

Summary: Serum samples from individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize various SARS-CoV-2 variants, indicating mass immunization as a central strategy to end the global COVID-19 pandemic.

NATURE (2021)

Review Virology

The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Its Role in Viral Structure, Biological Functions, and a Potential Target for Drug or Vaccine Mitigation

Zhihua Bai et al.

Summary: The N protein of SARS-CoV-2 shares high homology with other coronavirus N proteins, indicating its potential significance as a drug target or vaccine candidate. Further research is needed to explore the functional aspects of this protein in controlling the spread of the virus.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Combining spike- and nucleocapsid-based vaccines improves distal control of SARS-CoV-2

Tanushree Dangi et al.

Summary: Incorporating nucleocapsid as an antigen in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can improve acute protection in both the lungs and brain, suggesting the inclusion of nucleocapsid in next-generation COVID-19 vaccines is warranted. This finding provides important insights for the development of future vaccines against COVID-19.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Attenuated activation of pulmonary immune cells in mRNA-1273-vaccinated hamsters after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Michelle Meyer et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the mRNA-1273 vaccine is effective in hamsters against SARS-CoV-2, inducing robust neutralizing antibodies and reducing disease severity. It also shows the impact of the vaccine on immune cell infiltration, lymphocyte proportion, and antiviral responses conducive to lung health.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Article Immunology

Progress of the COVID-19 vaccine effort: viruses, vaccines and variants versus efficacy, effectiveness and escape

John S. Tregoning et al.

Summary: The development and rollout of vaccines have brought hope for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, with vaccines proving highly effective in preventing disease. However, challenges remain in ensuring equitable access to vaccines globally, as well as lessons to be learned for controlling pandemics in the future.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Editorial Material Microbiology

Genome Composition and Divergence of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Originating in China

Aiping Wu et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

Peng Zhou et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

Na Zhu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness

Kizzmekia S. Corbett et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates

Kizzmekia S. Corbett et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development

Masaki Imai et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A high-throughput neutralizing antibody assay for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccine evaluation

Antonio E. Muruato et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Development of a multi-antigenic SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate using a synthetic poxvirus platform

Flavia Chiuppesi et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Review Immunology

Immunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine strategies

Mangalakumari Jeyanathan et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19

Francis K. Yoshimoto

PROTEIN JOURNAL (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

A Facile Method for the Removal of dsRNA Contaminant from In Vitro-Transcribed mRNA

Markus Baiersdoerfer et al.

MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS (2019)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biodegradable Lipids Enabling Rapidly Eliminated Lipid Nanoparticles for Systemic Delivery of RNAi Therapeutics

Martin A. Maier et al.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2013)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Maximizing the Potency of siRNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Hepatic Gene Silencing In Vivo

Muthusamy Jayaraman et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2012)

Review Cell Biology

CD44: From adhesion molecules to signalling regulators

H Ponta et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2003)