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A mechanistic review on aerobic denitrification for nitrogen removal in water treatment

Journal

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 847, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157452

Keywords

Aerobic denitrification; Denitrification mechanism; Parameters affecting efficiency; Microbial community; Water treatment

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [51978556, 51678471]
  2. Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, China [2019JC-31]
  3. Project of Youth Innovation Team Construction of Shaanxi Universities, China [21JP064]

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This article discusses the application of aerobic denitrification technology in nitrogen compound removal. By reviewing four theories explaining the mechanism of aerobic denitrification and summarizing the parameters affecting its efficiency, the article suggests the potential of utilizing aerobic denitrifying bacteria to improve the design of wastewater treatment facilities, providing engineers with references.
The traditional biological nitrogen removal technology consists of two steps: nitrification by autotrophs in aerobic circumstances and denitrification by heterotrophs in anaerobic situations; however, this technology requires a huge area and stringent environmental conditions. Researchers reached the conclusion that the denitrification process could also be carried out in aerobic circumstances with the discovery of aerobic denitrification. The aerobic denitrification process is carried out by aerobic denitrifying bacteria (ADB), most of which are heterotrophic bacteria that can metabolize various forms of nitrogen compounds under aerobic conditions and directly convert ammonia nitrogen to N2 for discharge from the system. Despite the fact that there is no universal agreement on the mechanism of aerobic denitrification, this article reviewed four current explanations for the denitrification mechanism of ADB, including the microenvironment theory, theory of enzyme, electron transport bottlenecks theory, and omics study, and summarized the parameters affecting the denitrification efficiency of ADB in terms of carbon source, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH. It also discussed the current status of the application of aerobic denitrification in practical processes. Following the review, the difficulties of present aerobic denitrification technology are outlined and future research options are highlighted. This review may help to improve the design of current wastewater treatment facilities by utilizing ADB for effective nitrogen removal and provide the engineers with relevant references.

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