Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 378, Issue 6616, Pages 202-206Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abq5868
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Funding
- CREST from the Japan Science and Technology Agency [JPMJCR1664]
- KAKENHI from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JP18H03845, JP21H04623]
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In this study, we directly identified the charge state of individual platinum nanoparticles supported on titanium dioxide using ultrahigh sensitivity and precision electron holography. The analysis revealed the number and sense of the charge per platinum NP, and the underlying mechanism of platinum charging was explained by work function differences between platinum and titanium dioxide and first-principles calculations.
A goal in the characterization of supported metal catalysts is to achieve particle-by-particle analysis of the charge state strongly correlated with the catalytic activity. Here, we demonstrate the direct identification of the charge state of individual platinum nanoparticles (NPs) supported on titanium dioxide using ultrahigh sensitivity and precision electron holography. Sophisticated phase-shift analysis for the part of the NPs protruding into the vacuum visualized slight potential changes around individual platinum NPs. The analysis revealed the number (only one to six electrons) and sense (positive or negative) of the charge per platinum NP. The underlying mechanism of platinum charging is explained by the work function differences between platinum and titanium dioxide (depending on the orientation relationship and lattice distortion) and by first-principles calculations in terms of the charge transfer processes.
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