Progress toward a performance measure for mental health based on a generic patient- reported outcome measure: Findings from the Veterans Outcome Assessment survey

We report on studies conducted to develop outcome-based performance measures (PROM-PMs) based on generic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that could support strategies for quality improvement applicable to all patients in a mental health system. Data were from the Veterans Outcome Assessment Survey at baseline and three months for the Mental Component Score (MCS-12), a widely used measure of mental health-related quality of life, for 15,540 outpatients beginning treatment in General Mental Health clinics in 140 Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities. Mental health diagnoses from medical records were coded using hierarchical categories. Mental health staffing levels and quality measures were from administrative data. Changes in MCS-12 scores were associated with demographics, baseline scores, and diagnostic categories; in fully adjusted models, differences between facilities accounted for only 0.5% of the total variance between patients. There were small but significant as-sociations of both baseline and changes in MCS-12 scores with staffing levels and administrative measures of the quality of care that support the potential value of adjusted measures of changes in MCS-12 as a PROM-PM. Remaining issues include the low proportion of variability that can be attributed to differences between facil-ities and the associations of staffing and quality with possible case-mix adjustment variables.

Automated summary

This study investigates the development of PROM-PMs based on generic PROMs to support strategies for quality improvement in mental health systems. The findings suggest that changes in MCS-12 scores are associated with demographics, baseline scores, and diagnostic categories. Adjusted models indicate that differences between facilities only account for 0.5% of the total variance, suggesting the potential value of adjusted measures in assessing changes in MCS-12.