Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 119, Issue 43, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208993119
Keywords
membrane curvature; migrasomes; optical tweezers; tetraspanin
Categories
Funding
- Israel Science Foundation [1289/20, 3292/19]
- Ratner Center for Single Molecule Science
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 958]
- Joseph Klafter Chair in Biophysics
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This study uncovers the mechanisms by which tetraspanin4 and CD9, two tetraspanin proteins, prefer positive membrane curvature and play important roles in migrasome formation and oocyte microvilli shaping. These findings shed light on the membrane remodeling processes and provide insights into the functions of tetraspanin proteins.
Multiple membrane-shaping and remodeling processes are associated with tetraspanin proteins by yet unknown mechanisms. Tetraspanins constitute a family of proteins with four transmembrane domains present in every cell type. Prominent examples are tetraspanin4 and CD9, which are required for the fundamental cellular processes of migrasome formation and fertilization, respectively. These proteins are enriched in curved membrane structures, such as cellular retraction fibers and oocyte microvilli. The factors driving this enrichment are, however, unknown. Here, we revealed that tet-raspanin4 and CD9 are curvature sensors with a preference for positive membrane cur-vature. To this end, we used a biomimetic system emulating membranes of cell retraction fibers and oocyte microvilli by membrane tubes pulled out of giant plasma membrane vesicles with controllable membrane tension and curvature. We developed a simple thermodynamic model for the partitioning of curvature sensors between flat and tubular membranes, which allowed us to estimate the individual intrinsic curvatures of the two proteins. Overall, our findings illuminate the process of migrasome formation and oocyte microvilli shaping and provide insight into the role of tetraspanin proteins in membrane remodeling processes.
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