Journal
PLOS ONE
Volume 17, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268491
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Funding
- Malaysian Society of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (MSGH) Research Award 2021
- Research University Individual Grant from Universiti Sains Malaysia [1001.PPSP.8012250]
- Morinaga-USM Gut Health & Microbiota Project Grant [304/PPSP/6150155/M145]
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This study developed and validated audio-based guided imagery (GI) and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) techniques for managing bloating. The tools were validated using psychometric and physiological approaches, showing effectiveness in relieving bloating symptoms.
Mind-body techniques, including Guided Imagery (GI) or Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), may effectively manage bloating. The current study aimed to develop and validate (psychometric and psychological responses) audio-based GI and PMR techniques for bloating. Audio scripts were first developed from literature reviews and in-depth interviews of participants with bloating diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria. Scripts were validated using psychometric (content & face validity index) and physiological approaches (brain event-related potentials & heart rate variability). 45/63 participants completed the in-depth interview, and 'balloon' emerged as the synonymous imagery description for bloating, of which inflation correlated with a painful sensation. The final tools consisted of narrated audio scripts in the background of a validated choice of music. Overall, the content and face validity index for PMR and GI ranged from 0.92 to 1.00. For ERP and HRV, 17/20 participants were analyzed. For ERP, there was a significant difference between GI and PMR for alpha waves (p = 0.029), delta waves (p = 0.029), and between PMR and control for delta waves (p = 0.014). For HRV, GI and PMR exhibited similar autonomic responses over controls (overall p<0.05). The newly developed GI and PMR audio-based tools have been validated using psychometric and physiological approaches.
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