Network pharmacology provides a systematic approach to understanding the treatment of ischemic heart diseases with traditional Chinese medicine

Background: The field of network pharmacology showed significant development. The concept of network pharmacology has many similarities to the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), making it suitable to understand the action mechanisms of TCM in treating complex diseases, such as ischemic heart diseases (IHDs). Purpose: This review summarizes the representative applications of network pharmacology in deciphering the mechanism underlying the treatment of IHDs with TCM. Methods: In this report, we used ischemic heart disease OR coronary heart disease OR coronary artery disease OR myocardial ischemia AND (network pharmacology OR systematic pharmacology) as keywords to search for publications from PubMed, the Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and then analyzed the representative research reports that summarized and validated the active components and targets network of TCM in improving IHDs to show the advantages and deficiencies of network pharmacology applied in TCM research. Results: The network pharmacology research indicated that HGF, PGF, MMP3, INSR, PI3K, MAPK1, SRC, VEGF, VEGFR-1, NO, eNOS, NO3, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and more are the main targets of TCM. Apigenin, 255-macrostemonoside P, ginsenosides Re, Rb3, Rg3, SheXiang XinTongNing, colchicine, dried ginger-aconite decoction, Suxiao Xintong dropping pills, Ginseng-Danshen drug pair and Shenlian and more are the active ingredients, extracts, and formulations of TCM to ameliorate IHDs. These active compounds, extract, and formulations of TCM treat IHDs by delaying ventricular remodeling, reducing myocardial fibrosis, decreasing reactive oxygen species, regulating myocardial energy metabolism, ameliorating inflammation, mitigating apoptosis, and many other aspects. Conclusions: The network pharmacology supplies a novel research exemplification for understanding the treatment of IHDs with TCM. However, the application of network pharmacology in TCM studies is still at a superficial level. By rational combining artificial intelligence technology and network pharmacology, molecular biology, metabolomics, and other advanced theories and technologies, and systematically studying the metabolic process and the network among products, targets, and pathways of TCM from the clinical perspective may be a potential development trend in network pharmacology.

Automated summary

Network pharmacology has important applications in deciphering the mechanism of TCM in treating ischemic heart diseases. However, its current application in TCM research is still at a superficial level. By combining artificial intelligence technology and other advanced theories and technologies, and systematically studying the metabolic process and network relationships of TCM from a clinical perspective, network pharmacology may have great potential for development.