High aquaporin expression correlates with increased translocation of quinclorac from shoots to roots in resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis

Background Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis is a troublesome weed in rice fields and can be controlled by using quinclorac. However, over-reliance on quinclorac has resulted in resistant (R) barnyardgrass, which differs significantly in its ability to transport quinclorac compared to susceptible (S) barnyardgrass. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms for this different translocation between R and S barnyardgrass. Results Larger amount of quinclorac was transferred from shoots to roots in R compared to S barnyardgrass. After 1 day of quinclorac [300 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha(-1)] foliar treatment, its content in shoots of R was 81.92% of that in S barnyardgrass; correspondingly, in roots of R was 1.17 fold of that in S barnyardgrass. RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed the expression levels of PIPs belonging to aquaporins (AQPs) in R were higher than in S barnyardgrass, with or without quinclorac treatment. With co-application of quinclorac and AQPs inhibitors [mercury(II) chloride (HgCl2)] treatment, even though the expression levels of PIPs and the transport rates of quinclorac were both suppressed in R and S barnyardgrass, this process was less pronounced in R than in S barnyardgrass. Conclusion This report provides clear evidence that higher PIPs expression results in rapid quinclorac translocation from shoots to roots and reduces the quinclorac accumulation in the shoot meristems in R barnyardgrass, thus reducing the control efficacy of quinclorac. (c) 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Automated summary

This study reveals that higher expression levels of PIPs in resistant barnyardgrass result in increased translocation of quinclorac from shoots to roots, reducing the accumulation of quinclorac in shoot meristems and consequently reducing the control efficacy of quinclorac.