Journal
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
Volume 121, Issue 11, Pages 3063-3071Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07649-7
Keywords
Parasite control; Parasitic networks; Eco-epidemiological dynamics; Paradox of increased global health; Outbreak control; Host-parasite system dynamics
Categories
Funding
- ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award [DE210101439]
- Australian Research Council [DE210101439] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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Global change has significant effects on host-parasite interactions at various organizational levels. Parasites require adaptive strategies to survive and spread within their hosts. However, the system-level outcomes of interactions between within-host survival and among-host transmission are still not well understood.
Global change in the Anthropocene has modified the environment of almost any species on earth, be it through climate change, habitat modifications, pollution, human intervention in the form of mass drug administration (MDA), or vaccination. This can have far-reaching consequences on all organisational levels of life, including eco-physiological stress at the cell and organism level, individual fitness and behaviour, population viability, species interactions and biodiversity. Host- parasite interactions often require highly adapted strategies by the parasite to survive and reproduce within the host environment and ensure efficient transmission among hosts. Yet, our understanding of the system-level outcomes of the intricate interplay of within host survival and among host parasite spread is in its infancy. We shed light on how global change affects host-parasite interactions at different organisational levels and address challenges and opportunities to work towards better-informed management of parasite control. We argue that global change affects host-parasite interactions in wildlife inhabiting natural environments rather differently than in humans and invasive species that benefit from anthropogenic environments as habitat and more deliberate rather than erratic exposure to therapeutic drugs and other control efforts.
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