Journal
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 34, Issue 13, Pages 3035-3046Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2016.2552958
Keywords
Coupled-mode theory; coupled-power theory; inter-core crosstalk; multi-core fiber
Funding
- Spain the National Plan Project [TEC2015-70858-C2-1-R XCORE, RTC-2014-2232-3 HIDRASENSE]
- F.P.I. Grant [BES-2013-062952]
- UPV postdoc program [PAID-10-14]
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In this paper, the theoretical unification of linear and nonlinear inter-core crosstalk (IC-XT) in step-index single-mode multicore fiber (MCF) media is reported and validated experimentally. In order to estimate the IC-XT when operating in linear and nonlinear regimes, the coupled-mode theory (CMT) and the coupled-power theory (CPT) have been unified in both power regimes. The theoretical analysis of the CMT indicates that in coupled MCFs with reduced core-to-core distance (core pitch) the nonlinear self-coupling and cross-coupling effects should be considered when operating with high optical powers. However, considering a core pitch value higher than three times the core radius only the self-coupling effect should be taken into account for estimating the nonlinear IC-XT. Considering these results, the CPT is also extended to nonlinear regime including the dominant nonlinear coupling effect. Using both CMT and CPT, the statistical model of nonlinear IC-XT is completed with the closed-form expressions for estimating the cumulative distribution function, the probability density function and the crosstalk mean and variance as a function of the power level launched into a single-core of the MCF. The crosstalkmodel presented is additionally extended when multiple cores are simultaneously excited. Finally, the theoretical model is experimentally validated in a homogeneous four-core fiber considering different bending radius configurations.
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