4.8 Review

Covid-19 Vaccines - Immunity, Variants, Boosters

Related references

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Case Series of Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome After COVID-19 Vaccination-United States, December 2020 to August 2021

Isaac See et al.

Summary: This study describes the surveillance data and reporting rates of TTS cases after COVID-19 vaccination in the United States. TTS cases were more common and had higher reporting rates after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination, with most cases requiring hospitalization. There were only a few reported cases and a lower reporting rate of TTS after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Transmission from vaccinated individuals in a large SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant outbreak

Katherine J. Siddle et al.

Summary: An outbreak of COVID-19 cases in Provincetown, Massachusetts in July 2021, primarily affecting vaccinated individuals, was caused by the Delta variant. Genomic and epidemiological data indicated multiple transmissions of Delta among fully vaccinated individuals. Despite the large-scale outbreak, it had limited onward impact due to high vaccination rates and a robust public health response.
Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces immunological T cell memory able to cross-recognize variants from Alpha to Omicron

Alison Tarke et al.

Summary: T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms cross-recognize early SARS-CoV-2 variants, while memory B cells and neutralizing antibodies show significant decreases. The majority of memory T cell responses are preserved against variants, with lower recognition of Omicron by memory B cells.
Article Medicine, General & Internal

Myocarditis Cases Reported After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in the US From December 2020 to August 2021

Matthew E. Oster et al.

Summary: Based on reports in the US, the risk of myocarditis after receiving mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines was increased, especially among adolescent males and young men, particularly after the second dose. This risk should be considered in the context of the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

Article Immunology

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccine Immunogenicity in Immunosuppressed Individuals

Ai-ris Y. Collier et al.

Summary: Individuals on immunosuppressive therapy exhibit impaired immune responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, reducing their ability to develop protective immunity. This suggests that standard COVID-19 mRNA vaccine regimens may not offer optimal protection for immunocompromised individuals.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Germinal centre-driven maturation of B cell response to mRNA vaccination

Wooseob Kim et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces a persistent germinal center reaction in humans, resulting in affinity-matured long-term antibody responses that potently neutralize the virus.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Activity of convalescent and vaccine serum against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron

Juan Manuel Carreno et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, first identified in South Africa and Botswana in November 2021, has rapidly spread globally with high transmissibility. It has an unprecedented number of mutations in its spike gene, leading to immune escape and reduced vaccine efficacy. The neutralizing and binding activity against Omicron varies among individuals with different vaccination and infection histories.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization

Sandile Cele et al.

Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa

Raquel Viana et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in southern Africa has experienced three distinct waves, driven by different variants. The recently identified Omicron variant has rapidly spread in South Africa and to numerous countries, raising global concern.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Vaccines elicit highly conserved cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron

Jinyan Liu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that cellular immunity induced by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is highly conserved to the Omicron spike protein. Individuals vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccines showed durable spike-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses that were cross-reactive to both the Delta and Omicron variants, including in central and effector memory cellular subpopulations.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Striking antibody evasion manifested by the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2

Lihong Liu et al.

Summary: The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, initially detected in southern Africa, has rapidly spread globally and is expected to become dominant due to its enhanced transmissibility in the coming weeks. This variant poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies due to its significant antibody resistance. Even individuals who have received vaccines and booster doses may have reduced neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529.

NATURE (2022)

Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: clinical observations and potential mechanisms

Stephane Heymans et al.

Summary: The risk of acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is rare and usually resolves quickly, while the risks of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 are greater. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for adolescents and adults.

NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Homologous and Heterologous Covid-19 Booster Vaccinations

R. L. Atmar et al.

Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of homologous and heterologous booster vaccines in adults who had completed a primary Covid-19 vaccine regimen. The results showed that both types of booster vaccines were safe and immunogenic.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines over a 9-Month Period in North Carolina

Dan-Yu Lin et al.

Summary: In a study conducted in North Carolina, Covid-19 vaccines were found to be highly effective in preventing hospitalization and death for up to 9 months after vaccination. The decrease in protection against infection over time was attributed to both declining immunity and the emergence of the delta variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Third BNT162b2 Vaccination Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection

Ital Nemet et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in New York State

Eli S. Rosenberg et al.

Summary: The effectiveness of the BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines in New York State from May to August 2021 was assessed. Initial protection was high, but there was a modest decline in effectiveness after the surge of the delta variant, especially among recipients aged 65 and older. However, protection against hospitalization remained high.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Neutralization after mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination

Rolando Pajon et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immune correlates analysis of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy clinical trial

Peter B. Gilbert et al.

Summary: In the COVE phase 3 clinical trial, neutralizing and binding antibodies were measured in vaccine recipients to determine their correlation with COVID-19 risk and vaccine efficacy. The results showed that these immune markers were inversely associated with COVID-19 risk and directly associated with vaccine efficacy. Postvaccination neutralization titers of 10, 100, and 1000 correlated with estimated vaccine efficacies of 78%, 91%, and 96% respectively.

SCIENCE (2022)

Article Immunology

Passive transfer of Ad26.COV2.S-elicited IgG from humans attenuates SARS-CoV-2 disease in hamsters

Lisa H. Tostanoski et al.

Summary: This study directly explores the protective efficacy of human antibodies elicited by Ad26.COV2.S vaccination through adoptive transfer studies. The results suggest that purified antibodies from vaccinated individuals can provide dose-dependent protection in recipient animals, and this protection is correlated with the binding and neutralizing potency of the antibodies.

NPJ VACCINES (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Vaccine protection against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in macaques

Abishek Chandrashekar et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine and the adenovirus-vector-based Ad26.COV2.S vaccine provide robust protection against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. However, some vaccinated animals with moderate immune responses failed to fully control the virus.
Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

mRNA-1273 or mRNA-Omicron boost in vaccinated macaques elicits similar B cell expansion, neutralizing responses, and protection from Omicron

Matthew Gagne et al.

Summary: This study shows that both mRNA-1273 and mRNA-Omicron generate comparable immunity and protection after booster doses, and are able to neutralize the Omicron variant.
Article Infectious Diseases

Persistence of immunogenicity after seven COVID-19 vaccines given as third dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK: Three month analyses of the COV-BOOST trial

Xinxue Liu et al.

Summary: The decay rates of humoral response differ between vaccines 84 days after a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine. The anti-spike IgG concentrations following BNT/BNT initial doses were similar to or higher than for a three-dose BNT schedule. Half dose BNT immune responses were similar to full dose responses.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2022)

Article Pediatrics

Persistent Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in a Cohort of Adolescents with Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 mRNA Vaccine Myopericarditis

Jenna Schauer et al.

Summary: This study describes the evolution of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings in 16 patients aged 12-17 years with myopericarditis after receiving the second dose of the Pfizer mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. While all patients showed rapid clinical improvement, many had persistent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings at 3- to 8-month follow-up.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS (2022)

News Item Infectious Diseases

Research in brief

Sharmila Devi

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike cross-recognize Omicron

Roanne Keeton et al.

Summary: Despite reduced neutralizing antibody activity, T cell responses induced by vaccination or infection can cross-recognize the Omicron variant and provide protection.

NATURE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Protection by a Fourth Dose of BNT162b2 against Omicron in Israel

Yinon M. Bar-On et al.

Summary: After administering the fourth dose of BNT162b2 vaccine to individuals aged 60 years and older during the period when the omicron variant was predominant, Israel observed lower rates of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe Covid-19 compared to those who received only three doses. The protection against severe illness remained consistent, while the protection against confirmed infection decreased over time.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Nature does things well

Helene Vaillant-Roussel et al.

EXERCER-LA REVUE FRANCOPHONE DE MEDECINE GENERALE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2 Vaccines against Omicron Variant in South Africa

Glenda Gray et al.

Summary: The effectiveness of two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in South Africa against the omicron variant was assessed. Both vaccines provided a high level of protection against severe Covid-19.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Variants

Jingyou Yu et al.

Summary: Although immunity from two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine diminishes over time, a booster dose significantly enhances the neutralizing antibodies against both the BA.1 and BA.2 variants.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Cell Biology

Omicron variant Spike-specific antibody binding and Fc activity are preserved in recipients of mRNA or inactivated COVID-19 vaccines

Yannic C. Bartsch et al.

Summary: Despite evading neutralizing antibodies, the Omicron variant does not increase death rates in highly vaccinated populations, suggesting the presence of immune mechanisms beyond antibody-mediated virus neutralization. Vaccine-induced Spike protein-specific antibodies continue to drive Fc effector functions, indicating the potential of extraneutralizing antibodies in disease control.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

Article Cell Biology

Characterization of immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals after breakthrough infection with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant

Ai-Ris Y. Collier et al.

Summary: Vaccinated individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant showed robust antibody and T cell responses, indicating the potential increase in population immunity through vaccination and breakthrough infections.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

Review Critical Care Medicine

Myopericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination and non-COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ryan Ruiyang Ling et al.

Summary: The overall risk of myopericarditis after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine is low, but younger males have an increased incidence of myopericarditis, especially after receiving mRNA vaccines. However, the risks of such rare adverse events should be balanced against the risks of COVID-19 infection (including myopericarditis).

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Durability of the Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine in the Prevention of COVID-19 Infections and Hospitalizations in the US Before and During the Delta Variant Surge

Jennifer M. Polinski et al.

Summary: This cohort study in US clinical practice showed that Ad26.COV2.S vaccine has stable effectiveness for at least 6 months before and during the emergence of the Delta variant, providing protection against COVID-19 infection and hospitalization.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

Article Infectious Diseases

Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study

Oliver J. Watson et al.

Summary: A study quantified the global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination programs, finding that the vaccination has substantially altered the course of the pandemic, saving tens of millions of lives globally. However, inadequate access to vaccines in low-income countries has limited the impact, reinforcing the need for global vaccine equity and coverage.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 escape antibodies elicited by Omicron infection

Yunlong Cao et al.

Summary: Omicron sublineages BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 have higher transmissibility and increased evasion of neutralizing antibodies compared to the BA.2 lineage. They exhibit similar binding affinities to the ACE2 receptor as BA.2. BA.1 infection after vaccination boosts humoral immune memory against wild-type SARS-CoV-2, but these antibodies are largely evaded by BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 variants.

NATURE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Neutralization Escape by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5

Nicole P. Hachmann et al.

Summary: A small study found that omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 of SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to evade neutralizing antibodies induced by both vaccination and previous infection compared to the prior omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections

Heba N. Altarawneh et al.

Summary: An analysis of data from Qatar showed that previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity all demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against symptomatic Covid-19 caused by the BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages of the Omicron variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Durability of Heterologous and Homologous COVID-19 Vaccine Boosts

C. Sabrina Tan et al.

Summary: By using heterologous Ad26.COV2.S vaccine as a booster for individuals previously vaccinated with BNT162b2, durable humoral and cellular immune responses can be achieved. This suggests potential benefits of heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens for SARS-CoV-2.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Protection and Waning of Natural and Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Yair Goldberg et al.

Summary: This study used data from the Israeli Ministry of Health database to compare the rate of infection with the time since immunity-confering events. The results showed that the protection against reinfection decreased over time for individuals who had previously been infected or vaccinated, but it was still higher than the protection conferred after the same time had elapsed since the second dose of vaccine among those who were previously uninfected. A single dose of vaccine after infection reinforced protection against reinfection.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibody evasion properties of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages

Sho Iketani et al.

Summary: The identification of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Botswana in November 2021 sparked concern due to the spike protein alterations that could potentially evade antibodies. Further studies showed that the Omicron sublineages, BA.1+R346K and BA.2, are antigenically similar to the wild-type virus and pose similar risks to the effectiveness of current vaccines. BA.2 also demonstrated resistance to many neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, highlighting the challenges in developing effective therapeutic options.

NATURE (2022)

Article Immunology

Multistate Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Including Vaccine Breakthrough Infections, Associated with Large Public Gatherings, United States

Radhika Gharpure et al.

Summary: During July 2021, a multistate investigation was conducted after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.617.2 variant infections, including vaccine breakthrough infections, occurred following large public gatherings in Provincetown, Massachusetts, USA. The investigation revealed that large gatherings can have widespread effects on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and even fully vaccinated individuals should take precautions to prevent transmission.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Infectious Diseases

Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study

Oliver J. Watson et al.

Summary: The study estimated that COVID-19 vaccination has prevented millions of deaths globally between December 8, 2020, and December 8, 2021. Achieving the vaccination coverage targets set by COVAX and WHO could have prevented even more deaths. However, limited access to vaccines in low-income countries has hindered the impact, highlighting the importance of global vaccine equity.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Alessandro Sette et al.

Summary: The adaptive immune system, consisting of B cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells, plays varying roles in different viral infections and vaccines. Studies are showing that CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all play a part in controlling SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the importance of understanding adaptive immunity in combating the disease.
Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Katherine McMahan et al.

Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination

Alicia T. Widge et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection

Jennifer M. Dan et al.

Summary: Different components of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 exhibit distinct kinetics, with antibodies and spike-specific memory B cells remaining relatively stable over 6 months, while CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells declining with a half-life of 3 to 5 months after infection.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine for COVID-19

Kathryn E. Stephenson et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in human participants, showing rapid induction of spike-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Various antibody subclasses, Fc receptor binding properties, and antiviral functions were induced, along with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Myocarditis after Covid-19 Vaccination in a Large Health Care Organization

Guy Witberg et al.

Summary: Among 2.5 million patients who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a large Israeli health care system, the incidence of myocarditis at 42 days was 2.13 cases per 100,000 persons, with the highest incidence (10.69 per 100,000 persons) among male patients between the ages of 16 and 29 years. Most cases of myocarditis were mild or moderate.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Differential Kinetics of Immune Responses Elicited by Covid-19 Vaccines

Ai-ris Y. Collier et al.

Summary: The kinetics of immune response to Covid-19 vaccines were studied, showing varying peak levels and durations of response for different vaccines. However, the response levels correlating with protection have not been defined yet.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine against Covid-19 in Israel

D. Mevorach et al.

Summary: The incidence of myocarditis increased after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine in Israel, particularly after the second dose among young male recipients. The clinical presentation of myocarditis after vaccination was usually mild.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

Rishi R. Goel et al.

Summary: This study found that immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants remains robust for at least 6 months after mRNA vaccination, with antibodies declining but still detectable in most individuals. mRNA vaccines also induced functional memory B cells and antigen-specific T cells, with recall responses primarily increasing antibody levels in individuals with preexisting immunity.

SCIENCE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Antibody Response to 2-Dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Series in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Brian J. Boyarsky et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

US Case Reports of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia After Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination, March 2 to April 21, 2021

Isaac See et al.

Summary: Cases of CVST with thrombocytopenia following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination have been reported in the US, leading to serious outcomes. This case series may provide guidance for clinical management and further investigation into the potential relationship between Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and CVST with thrombocytopenia.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination

Nina H. Schultz et al.

Summary: This study reports five cases of venous thrombosis and thrombocytopenia occurring 7 to 10 days after receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, suggesting a rare vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. The condition, which can lead to catastrophic outcomes such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, may be treated with intravenous immune globulin.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19

Nicole Doria-Rose et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia After the Messenger RNA-1273 Vaccine

Swathi Sangli et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

Nicola P. Klein et al.

Summary: This study conducted interim analysis of safety surveillance data of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and found that the incidence of selected serious outcomes within 1-21 days post-vaccination was not significantly higher compared with 22-42 days post-vaccination. Surveillance is ongoing despite wide confidence intervals for many outcomes.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses

Jackson S. Turner et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce a persistent germinal centre B cell response in humans, leading to the generation of robust humoral immunity, especially more significant in individuals previously infected with the virus.

NATURE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in humans

Galit Alter et al.

Summary: The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine has shown clinical efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19, including the B.1.351 variant, but there is uncertainty regarding its immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The study found that neutralizing antibody responses were reduced against the B.1.351 and P.1 variants, while non-neutralizing antibody responses and T cell responses were largely preserved against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

NATURE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CD8+ T cells contribute to survival in patients with COVID-19 and hematologic cancer

Erin M. Bange et al.

Summary: In patients with cancer and COVID-19, those with hematologic cancer show impaired immune responses compared to solid cancer patients. CD8 T cells play a crucial role in survival, even in the presence of limited humoral responses. The presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in hematologic cancer patients suggests a potential therapeutic target.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Myocarditis after Covid-19 mRNA Vaccination

Amanda K. Verma et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Thromboembolic Events in the South African Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine Study

Simbarashe Takuva et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Durable Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses 8 Months after Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination

Dan H. Barouch et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization with BNT162b2 Vaccine Dose 3

Ann R. Falsey et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Features of Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis

Sue Pavord et al.

Summary: Phenotypes of VITT were defined in 220 patients in the United Kingdom who presented a median of 14 days after the first ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Half had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, a third of whom also had intracranial hemorrhage. Mortality was 22%. Intravenous immune globulin may reverse VITT.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Amarendra Pegu et al.

Summary: The study assessed the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on antibody responses induced by the mRNA vaccine over 7 months, showing that most individuals maintained binding and functional antibodies against variants, with B.1.351 having the lowest antibody recognition.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immune correlates of protection by mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates

Kizzmekia S. Corbett et al.

Summary: In nonhuman primates (NHPs), vaccination with mRNA-1273 induces dose-dependent antibody responses, leading to a significant reduction in viral replication post SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Replication of the virus correlates strongly with antibody levels and neutralizing activity, with lower levels required in the lower airway than in the upper airway. Passive transfer of mRNA-1273-induced IgG is sufficient to provide protection, indicating that humoral immune responses induced by mRNA-1273 vaccine are effective against SARS-CoV-2 in NHPs.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques

Abishek Chandrashekar et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Jingyou Yu et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity

Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher et al.

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Noe B. Mercado et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques

Neeltje van Doremalen et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates

Kizzmekia S. Corbett et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant exhibits efficient replication ex vivo and transmission in vivo

Yixuan J. Hou et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Review Immunology

Cellular Innate Immunity: An Old Game with New Players

Georg Gasteiger et al.

JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dissecting Polyclonal Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity against HIV Using Systems Serology

Amy W. Chung et al.