Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 27, Issue 21, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217202
Keywords
dental materials; pH-responsive ion-releasing glass; smart antibacterial restorative; zinc; root surface caries
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JP 20K09937, JP 20H03871]
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This study fabricated pH-responsive Zn2+-releasing glass particles and evaluated their solubilities, ion-releasing characteristics, and antibacterial properties. The solubility and concentration of Zn2+ released in the medium increased with a decrease in medium pH. Glass particles with higher zinc content demonstrated higher concentrations of released Zn2+ and exhibited good antibacterial effects even under acidic conditions, which may contribute to the prevention of diseases with lower acid resistance.
The on-demand release of antibacterial components due to pH variations caused by acidogenic/cariogenic bacteria is a possible design for smart antibacterial restorative materials. This study aimed to fabricate pH-responsive Zn2+-releasing glass particles and evaluate their solubilities, ion-releasing characteristics, and antibacterial properties in vitro. Three kinds of silicate-based glass particles containing different molar ratios of Zn (PG-1: 25.3; PG-2: 34.6; PG-3: 42.7 mol%) were fabricated. Each particle was immersed in a pH-adjusted medium, and the solubility and concentration of the released ions were determined. To evaluate the antibacterial effect, Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the pH-adjusted medium in the presence of each particle, and the bacterial number was counted. The solubility and concentration of Zn2+ released in the medium increased with a decrease in medium pH. PG-3 with a greater content of Zn demonstrated higher concentrations of released Zn2+ compared with PG-1 and PG-2. PG-2 exhibited bactericidal effects at pH 5.1, whereas PG-3 demonstrated bactericidal effects at pH values of 5.1 and 6.1, indicating that PG-3 was effective at inhibiting S. mutans even under slightly acidic conditions. The glass particle with 42.7 mol% Zn may be useful for developing smart antibacterial restoratives that contribute to the prevention of diseases such as caries on root surfaces with lower acid resistance.
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