Journal
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
Volume 55, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1617/s11527-022-02060-1
Keywords
Calcined clay cements; Hydration; Phase assemblage; Microstructure; Mixture design
Categories
Funding
- EPFL Lausanne
- Swiss Agency of Development and Cooperation (SDC) [81026665]
- UKRI through a Future Leaders Fellowship [MR/V023829/1]
- Circular Economy Centre for Mineral-based Construction Materials [EP/V011820/1]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [1903457]
- UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/R001642/1]
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [1903457] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This white paper focuses on the hydration mechanisms of calcined clay-blended Portland cements, detailing the pozzolanic reaction of calcined clay and discussing the factors controlling and limiting the reaction. The paper also provides guidelines for optimizing the mixture design of calcined clay blended cements.
The RILEM technical committee 282-CCL: Calcined Clays as Supplementary Cementitious Materials, investigates all the aspects related to calcined clays, from clay exploration and characterization to calcination process, hydration reactions and concrete properties. This white paper focuses on the hydration mechanisms of calcined clay-blended Portland cements, covering both 1:1 and 2:1 calcined clays. The pozzolanic reaction of calcined clay is detailed, and the main reaction products are described. The differences observed depending on the clay type are also discussed, as well as the potential influence of the secondary phases present in calcined clay. The factors controlling and limiting the reaction of calcined clay are investigated, evidencing the role of porosity saturation and refinement of the microstructure. The complete characterisation of the hydration of calcined clay cements is made possible by the determination of the reaction degree of calcined clay. Several methods are compared to estimate the extent of calcined clay reaction. The influence of clinker and limestone mineralogy are also discussed. Finally, guidelines for optimising the mixture design of calcined clay blended cements are provided, with special attention to sulphate adjustment and clinker factor.
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