Journal
MATERIALS & DESIGN
Volume 223, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111110
Keywords
Titanium implants; Titania nanopores; Electrochemical anodization; Electrolyte aging; Surface modification
Categories
Funding
- UQ Graduate School Scholarship (UQGSS) - University of Queensland
- National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship [APP1140699]
- International Team for Implantology (ITI)
- Australian Dental Research Foundation (ADRF)
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The study evaluates nanostructure self-ordering on clinically relevant curved/micro-rough Ti, contributing to an improved understanding of implant nanoengineering.
Electrochemically anodized titanium-based implants with controlled titania nanotopography enables enhanced bioactivity. However, anodization optimizations have been restricted to polished flat Ti foils, while clinical implants are often micro-rough with curved geometry. To enable anodization optimization of Ti implants, we performed short-time anodizations (10 s-600 s) on implant relevant microrough Ti wires (D: 0.8 mm) and rods (D: 5 mm) to understand the nanostructure self-ordering. We also studied the influence of electrolyte aging (repeated use of an electrolyte to tune its chemical balance) on implant anodization. Results revealed a higher electric field around Ti in aged electrolytes promotes the vertical elongation of nanotubes/pores. In comparison, fresh electrolytes established a lower electric field that limited the tube/pore elongation and caused cracks on the anodic film after an extended anodization time. We report an efficient implant nano-engineering protocol (PBR value of 2.7-3.0) for Ti rods (mimicking dental implants/abutments) via tailored anodization parameters. Further, reduced anodization voltage is proposed for anodizing Ti wires (mimicking orthopaedic fracture pins) to minimize excessive TiO2 dissolution. The current study evaluated nanostructure self-ordering on clinically relevant curved/micro-rough Ti, towards an improved understanding of implant nanoengineering. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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