Journal
MARINE DRUGS
Volume 20, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/md20100654
Keywords
blood coagulation; anticoagulant; marine sources; marine anticoagulant macromolecules; chemically modified macromolecules
Categories
Funding
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2021R1A6A1A03039211]
- NRF - Ministry of Science and ICT [2019R1A2C1007218]
- Development of technology for biomaterialization of marine fisheries by-products of the Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion (KIMST) - Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries [KIMST-20220128]
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Coagulation is a defense mechanism that prevents bleeding, but excessive clot formation can lead to serious diseases. The use of anticoagulants like heparin is limited, so there is interest in studying natural anticoagulants from marine sources.
Coagulation is a potential defense mechanism that involves activating a series of zymogens to convert soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin clots to prevent bleeding and hemorrhagic complications. To prevent the extra formation and diffusion of clots, the counterbalance inhibitory mechanism is activated at levels of the coagulation pathway. Contrariwise, this system can evade normal control due to either inherited or acquired defects or aging which leads to unusual clots formation. The abnormal formations and deposition of excess fibrin trigger serious arterial and cardiovascular diseases. Although heparin and heparin-based anticoagulants are a widely prescribed class of anticoagulants, the clinical use of heparin has limitations due to the unpredictable anticoagulation, risk of bleeding, and other complications. Hence, significant interest has been established over the years to investigate alternative therapeutic anticoagulants from natural sources, especially from marine sources with good safety and potency due to their unique chemical structure and biological activity. This review summarizes the coagulation cascade and potential macromolecular anticoagulants derived from marine flora and fauna.
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