Lack of a Zn/Co substitution ability in the polar diatom Chaetoceros neogracile RS19

Functional substitution of the essential trace metals zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co) within metalloenzymes has been well documented in marine diatoms and is known to be prevalent among varying genera and species. In contrast to the majority of species studied to date, we find that the polar diatom Chaetoceros neogracile RS19, originally isolated from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, has a Zn requirement that cannot be met by Co and thus does not demonstrate a Zn/Co substitution ability as assessed by growth rate. We investigated this diatom's inability to use Co to alleviate Zn-limited growth rates at the transporter, sensor/chaperone, and metalloenzyme level using metal quota and proteomic analyses of cultures grown over a range of Zn and Co availability. Analysis of total cellular metal quotas revealed that, although incapable of substitution, this diatom still actively assimilated dissolved Co. We furthermore observed distinct trends in the abundance levels of putative alpha and theta-CAs, ZIP transporters, Zn fingers, and a Zn chaperone in response to increasing media Zn2+. Overall, Co appears to be transported into the cell, but not efficiently utilized by Zn metalloenzymes.

Automated summary

Functional substitution of zinc and cobalt has been observed in marine diatoms, but Antarctic polar diatom Chaetoceros neogracile RS19 does not exhibit zinc/cobalt substitution ability. The diatom actively assimilates dissolved cobalt despite its inability to substitute for zinc. Proteomic analysis shows changes in the abundance of certain proteins in response to increased zinc concentration.