Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 2022 2 Acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: diagnosis, outcomes, long-term sequelae, and management

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterised by acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure with bilateral infiltrates on chest imaging, which is not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload. ARDS is defined by the Berlin criteria. In this Series paper the diagnosis, management, outcomes, and long-term sequelae of ARDS are reviewed. Potential limitations of the ARDS definition and evidence that could inform future revisions are considered. Guideline recommendations, evidence, and uncertainties in relation to ARDS management are discussed. The future of ARDS strives towards a precision medicine approach, and the framework of treatable traits in ARDS diagnosis and management is explored.

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This paper reviews the diagnosis, management, outcomes, and long-term sequelae of ARDS, discussing potential limitations of its definition and evidence for future revisions. It also explores guideline recommendations and uncertainties in ARDS management, as well as the future of ARDS in the context of precision medicine and treatable traits.