Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 120, Issue -, Pages 29-37Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.059
Keywords
Macrophage; MAPKs; NF-kappa B; Polysaccharide; PRRs
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Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2011-0011522, NRF-2013R1A6A3A01064375]
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Mushroom-derived polysaccharides have been shown to stimulate immune responses. Our previous report showed that the novel polysaccharide PLCM isolated from the culture broth of Cordyceps militaris could induce nitric oxide production in the murine macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7. In this study, we show that PLCM enhances immunostimulatory activities such as the release of toxic molecules (nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species), secretion of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and phagocytic uptake in RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, all the specific inhibitors against the mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) (SN50, BAY11-7082, P098059, SP600125 and SB203580) markedly suppressed the nitric oxide production and phagocytic uptake induced by PLCM. Moreover, antibodies specific to the extracellular domain of Toll-like receptor-2, Tolllike receptor-4 or the macrophage receptor Dectin-1 significantly attenuated PLCM-induced secretion of TNF-alpha. Our results indicate that the C. militaris polysaccharide activates macrophages through the MAPKs and NF-kappa B signaling pathways via Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4, and Dectin-1. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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