A 12-year experience of endovascular repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in all patients

Objective: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been increasingly performed for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs). However, multiple randomized trials have failed to demonstrate a survival benefit compared with open aortic surgery. During a 12-year period, 100% of patients without a history of aneurysm surgery had undergone EVAR for a rAAA at orebro University Hospital, with no emergent open aortic surgery performed. In the present study, we evaluated the mortality and technical success during this EVAR-only period. Methods: A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted. We identified all patients who had presented to Orebro University Hospital with a rAAA between October 2009 and September 2021. Patients with isolated iliac artery, thoracic, and thoracoabdominal aortic ruptures were not included. Patients who had received previous aortic interventions (open or endovascular) and patients who had received palliative treatment instead of surgical intervention were also excluded. The patient characteristics, perioperative and postoperative data, and mortality rate were investigated. Results: EVAR had been performed in 100 patients. Preoperative hemodynamic instability had been present in 54 patients (54%), and 18 (18%) had undergone aortic balloon occlusion. The aneurysm location was infrarenal in 89 patients (89%). Bifurcated stent grafts had been used in 97 patients (97%), and adjunct endovascular techniques had been used for 27 patients (27%). Of 98 patients, EVAR had been performed with the patient under local anesthesia for 62 patients (63%). Peri-and postoperative complications at 30 days had occurred in 20 of 100 patients (20%) and 22 of 79 patients (28%), respectively. The overall mortality at 30 days was 27% (27 of 100 patients), and the mortality for those with an isolated infrarenal rAAA was 24% (21 of 89 patients). The overall mortality at 1 year was 39% (39 of 100 patients) and for those with an isolated infrarenal rAAA was 37% (33 of 89 patients). The presence of preoperative hemodynamic instability and the use of ABO were statistically significantly and independently associated with increased 30-day mortality on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: All 100 patients who had undergone surgery for a rAAA had been treated using EVAR and endovascular adjuncts, with a relatively low mortality rate, thus continuing the EVAR-only approach. A low proportion of rAAA patients were considered surgically unsuitable. These findings support the applicability of EVAR for the treatment of all rAAAs at suitable centers.

Automated summary

A study conducted in a Swedish hospital found that for patients without prior aneurysm surgery experience, endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) can replace open aortic surgery and effectively reduce mortality rates.