Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 541, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231706
Keywords
Ceramic-ionic liquid hybrid electrolyte; High-throughput screening; Ionic and electronic conductivity; Electrochemical stability; Sodium-ion battery; Quasi-solid-state electrolyte
Funding
- Canada-ASEAN Scholarships
- Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (DFATD) Canada through McGill University, Canada
- Malaysia's Ministry of Education [FRGS/1/2018/STG07/UM/02/9]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- New Frontier's Research Fund-Exploration grant
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This study develops a hybrid solid-state electrolyte (HybSSE) made of halloysite clay-derived Na2ZnSiO4 ceramic and ionic liquid. The results show a significantly improved ionic conductivity, making it a feasible option for quasi-solid sodium-ion batteries.
All-solid sodium-ion batteries are a very attractive technology for large scale applications such as grid storage. Herein, a hybrid solid-state electrolyte (HybSSE) made of halloysite clay-derived Na2ZnSiO4 ceramic and ionic liquid is developed by way of high-throughput methods. This involved making over 700 ceramics in order to both optimize the synthesis and screen 22 different substituents at 8 different substitution levels. This work yielded HybSSE with ionic conductivities as high as 0.453 mS cm(-1) at room temperature and 2.27 mS cm(-1) at 48 degrees C. This is an important improvement by a factor of nearly 20 over those reported previously. The improved ionic conductivities now make this HybSSE a viable candidate for quasi-solid Na-ion batteries. Further screening of electronic conductivity shows that dendrite growth within all tested HybSSEs is not expected to be a concern, nor is electrochemical instability on the cathode side. By contrast, all HybSSEs are found to be unstable against sodium metal, with the lowest decomposition potential being 0.8 V vs. Na. Thus, sodium metal anodes are not feasible here without the use of a buffering layer. The results therefore represent important improvements in this class of electrolytes and also guide future research and development.
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