In Situ Irradiated X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation on Electron Transfer Mechanism in S-Scheme Photocatalyst

S-scheme photocatalysts have demonstrated great potential in solar fuel production. To study the electron transfer pathways in S-scheme heterojunctions, in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISIXPS) is an effective and widely used technology. However, the mechanism of ISIXPS in identifying the electron transfer pathways in S-scheme heterojunction has not yet been elucidated. In this Perspective, the development process and the formation mechanism of S-scheme photocatalysts are first introduced. Afterward, the principles of XPS and ISIXPS measurements are thoroughly explained, and the applications of XPS and ISIXPS in confirming the interfacial electron transfer in Sscheme heterojunctions are discussed. Finally, suggestions for future research on the utilization of ISIXPS in S-scheme heterojunctions are proposed. This Perspective will provide deep insight into the electron transfer mechanism in S-scheme photocatalysts through ISIXPS.

Automated summary

S-scheme photocatalysts have great potential in solar fuel production. In situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISIXPS) is an effective technique to study electron transfer pathways in S-scheme heterojunctions. This Perspective provides an introduction to the development and formation mechanism of S-scheme photocatalysts, explains the principles of XPS and ISIXPS measurements, and discusses their applications in confirming interfacial electron transfer in S-scheme heterojunctions. Suggestions for future research on the utilization of ISIXPS in S-scheme heterojunctions are proposed.