Magnetic deep eutectic solvents-Fundamentals and applications

Magnetic deep eutectic solvents (MDES), a relatively new subclass of conventional deep eutectic solvents (DES) containing additional paramagnetic components in their structure. MDES exhibit a strong response toward external magnetic fields, thus they can improve many industrial and analytical applications. In addition, this new group of solvents present unique physicochemical properties that can be easily tuned by selecting the appropriate ingredients for MDES synthesis. Therefore, the reported studies on properties and applications have increased in recent years. This review highlights the structures and mechanism of MDES formation, methods of synthesis, basic physicochemical properties, including melting point/freez-ing point, decomposition temperature, magnetic susceptibility, dynamic viscosity, density, ionic conduc-tivity surface tension, toxicity, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic character, together with current application in analytical and industrial methods/procedures. Moreover, advantages, limitations, and future perspec-tives of the application MDES are critically discussed. We hope that this review will inspire many new perspectives and developments in the field of MDES applications.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Automated summary

Magnetic deep eutectic solvents (MDES) are a new subclass of solvents that exhibit a strong response to external magnetic fields. They have been widely used to improve industrial and analytical applications. MDES have unique physicochemical properties that can be easily adjusted by selecting appropriate ingredients. This review provides an overview of the structures, synthesis methods, basic properties, and current applications of MDES. It also discusses the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of MDES applications.