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Summary: This study found that the Omicron variant is highly resistant to neutralization by sera from convalescents or individuals vaccinated with two doses of inactivated whole-virion vaccines. However, a homologous or heterologous booster significantly increased neutralization titers. Additionally, the Omicron variant resists most monoclonal antibodies targeting distinct epitopes. These findings highlight the importance of pushing forward booster vaccinations to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Tal Patalon et al.
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Sneh Lata Gupta et al.
Summary: Less is known about the vaccine-induced antibody responses to variants including Omicron in children. The protection of the BNT162b2 vaccine against the Omicron variant may be insufficient. Adolescents and adults have similar antibody responses against VOCs, but exhibit a significant reduction of binding and neutralization against the Omicron variant.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
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Kirsten E. Lyke et al.
Summary: This study assesses the magnitude and short-term durability of neutralizing antibodies after homologous and heterologous boosting with mRNA and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. The results show that mRNA vaccine boosting generates higher neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant compared to Ad26.COV2.S boosting. These findings have implications for protecting against Omicron and future variants of SARS-CoV-2.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
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Constant Gillot et al.
Summary: Neutralizing antibodies are important because they can prevent virus entry into human cells. The gold standard method for detecting these antibodies is the plaque reduction neutralization test, which requires a biosafety level 3 laboratory.
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Noa Eliakim-Raz et al.
Summary: This study focuses on evaluating the anti-S IgG antibody levels before and after the administration of a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals aged 60 and older in Israel.
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Sara Y. Tartof et al.
Summary: This study aimed to assess the overall and variant-specific effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related hospital admissions among members of a healthcare system in California. The effectiveness of the vaccine remained high against hospital admissions even up to 6 months after full vaccination, despite a decline in effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infections over time, which was likely due to waning immunity rather than the delta variant escaping vaccine protection.
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Shuo Feng et al.
Summary: Defined levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies elicited by the COVID-19 vaccine were identified as correlates of protection against symptomatic infection. Higher levels of immune markers were correlated with a reduced risk of symptomatic infection. The data can be used to extrapolate efficacy estimates to new populations.
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Hiam Chemaitelly et al.
Summary: In a study conducted in Qatar involving over 900,000 participants, vaccine effectiveness peaked at 77.5% in the first month after the second dose. However, it declined afterwards to as low as 20% in months 5 through 7 after vaccination, while protection against severe Covid-19 remained above 90% for at least 6 months.
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Noa Dagan et al.
Summary: A study conducted in Israel on nearly 600,000 individuals showed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective in reducing the risk of infection, hospitalization, and severe Covid-19. The effectiveness in preventing death was 72% during the period from day 14 through day 20 after the first dose, and hospitalization was reduced by 87% for the period 7 or more days after the second dose, similar to results from a randomized trial.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
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Jean-Louis Bayart et al.
Summary: Data from this study showed a significant decline in antibodies levels at day 180 post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, with a more pronounced decrease in neutralizing antibodies. The estimated half-life of IgG was around 21 days in seronegative individuals and 53 days in seropositive individuals, while the half-life of total antibodies ranged from 68 to 114 days. The decline in neutralizing antibodies was particularly stark, with around 45% of subjects testing negative at day 180.
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Matan Levine-Tiefenbrun et al.
Summary: COVID-19 vaccines not only provide protection to individual vaccinees, but may also reduce viral load in breakthrough infections, potentially leading to lower infectiousness and further suppressing virus spread.
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David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Moriah Bergwerk et al.
Summary: Among fully vaccinated health care workers, breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 were correlated with neutralizing antibody titers during the peri-infection period. Most breakthrough infections were mild or asymptomatic, although persistent symptoms did occur.
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S. J. Thomas et al.
Summary: BNT162b2 vaccine remains highly effective and safe over the course of 6 months post-vaccination, with efficacy rates ranging from 86% to 100% across different demographics and risk factors for Covid-19. The vaccine also shows a high efficacy against severe disease, with particularly promising results observed in South Africa against the B.1.351 variant.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
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Immunology
Kristen A. Earle et al.
Summary: The study found a strong correlation between antibody titers and efficacy when assessing different COVID-19 vaccines, supporting the use of post-immunization antibody titers as the basis for establishing a correlate of protection for COVID-19 vaccines.
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Microbiology
Jean-Louis Bayart et al.
Summary: The study found that after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, the antibody levels showed different patterns in different populations, with factors such as age, sex, body mass index, blood type influencing the antibody response. Individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection had a faster antibody response compared to naive individuals.
Article
Immunology
Julien Favresse et al.
Summary: The study aimed to assess the antibody response in healthcare professionals who had received the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, finding a decline in antibody levels at 3 months post-vaccination but maintaining a robust immune response.
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(2021)
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Julien Favresse et al.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2020)
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Florian Krammer
