Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 127, Issue -, Pages 340-346Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.064
Keywords
Chitosan; controlled release; agricultural practices; TDR technique
Categories
Funding
- FAPESP-Brazil [2014/06566-9]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [14/06566-9] Funding Source: FAPESP
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Controlled release fertilizers are efficient tools that increase the sustainability of agricultural practices. However, the biodegradability of the matrices and the determination of the release into soil still require some investigation. This paper describes the preparation of potassium-containing microspheres based on chitosan and montmorillonite clay and the in situ soil release. The chitosan-montmorillonite microspheres were prepared using a coagulation method and different proportions of montmorillonite. The structural, thermal and morphological properties as well the water swelling and fertilizer sorption capacity were evaluated. The best formulations were applied in soil, and the fertilizer release was monitored using time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Montmorillonite clay provides better sorption properties than the chitosan microspheres because of the rough and porous surface. Due to these properties, high levels of fertilizer were sorbed onto the material. ChMMT33-containing potassium shows two specific periods of fertilizer release: the first one lasted approximately three days and was assigned to the external fertilizer on the microspheres. The second was assigned to the internal fertilizer. TDR is an important and fast tool and was used to determine the fertilizer release and the ion movement in the soil. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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