Nanobionics: From plant empowering to the infectious disease treatment

Infectious diseases (ID) are serious threats against the global health and socio-economic conditions. Vaccination usually plays a key role in disease prevention, however, insufficient efficiency or immunogenicity may be quite challenging. Using the advanced vectors for delivery of vaccines with suitable efficiency, safety, and immune-modulatory activity, and tunable characteristics could be helpful, but there are no systematic reviews confirming the capabilities of the vaccine delivery systems for covering various types of pathogens. Furthermore, high rates of the infections, transmission, and fatal ratio and diversity of the pathogens and infection mechanisms may negatively influence vaccine effectiveness. The absence of highly-effective antibiotics against the resistant strains of bacteria and longevity of antibiotic testing have provoked increasing needs towards the application of more accurate and specific theranostic strategies including the nanotechnology-based ones. Nanobionics which is based on the charge storage and transport in the molecular structures, could be of key value in the molecular diagnostic tests and highly-specific electro-analytical methods or devices. Such devices based on the early disease diagnostics might be of critical significance against various types of diseases. This article highlights the significance of nanobionics against ID.

Automated summary

Infectious diseases pose serious threats to global health and socio-economic conditions. Vaccination is crucial for disease prevention, but challenges such as inadequate efficiency and immunogenicity exist. Advanced vaccine delivery systems, with suitable efficiency, safety, and immune-modulatory activity, could be helpful, but their capabilities to cover various types of pathogens have not been systematically reviewed. The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains and limitations in antibiotic testing have increased the need for more accurate and specific treatment strategies, including nanotechnology-based ones. Nanobionics, based on charge storage and transport in molecular structures, could play a key role in molecular diagnostics and highly-specific electro-analytical methods or devices. Early disease diagnostics using such devices could be critically significant against various diseases.