Systemic lupus erythematosus-complicating immune thrombocytopenia: From pathogenesis to treatment

Editorial Material Hematology

Immune thrombocytopenia in the elderly: immunosenescent and clinical diversity comment

Julia M. Cunningham et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2022)

Review Hematology

Novel therapies for immune thrombocytopenia

David J. Kuter

Summary: Current therapies for ITP are successful in most patients, but some require new approaches. Novel therapies focus on reducing anti-platelet antibody production or inhibiting the phagocytic system to decrease platelet destruction.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Hematology

Primary immune thrombocytopenia in very elderly patients: particularities in presentation and management: results from the prospective CARMEN-France Registry

Aurelien Sokal et al.

Summary: Data on the presentation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in very elderly patients (VEPs; aged >= 80 years) are lacking. This study aimed to describe ITP in this subgroup and found that VEPs have a higher likelihood of severe bleeding, with female sex and a platelet count of <20 x 10(9)/l being associated with bleeding. Exposure to anticoagulants is strongly associated with severe bleeding in VEPs.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Allergy

B Cell Aberrance in Lupus: the Ringleader and the Solution

YuXue Nie et al.

Summary: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease characterized by numerous autoantibodies and systemic inflammation. Aberrant B cells play a crucial role in the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Targeting aberrant B cells and relevant molecules and pathways is a promising strategy for lupus control.

CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Pathogenic mechanisms contributing to thrombocytopenia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

M. Constanza Baroni Pietto et al.

Summary: The study found that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with thrombocytopenia have abnormalities in platelet clearance and production, mainly due to apoptosis and desialylation leading to low platelet count. These abnormalities are more frequently observed in patients with thrombocytopenia and active disease.

PLATELETS (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Recent advances in the mechanisms and treatment of immune thrombocytopenia

Drew Provan et al.

Summary: Primary immune thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune disease characterized by a reduced peripheral blood platelet count. Its clinical behavior and treatment responses vary, reflecting its complex underlying pathophysiology. Traditional immune suppression therapy has limited efficacy and affects patients' quality of life. Newer treatments, such as thrombopoietin receptor agonists, have shown high efficacy and improved patient outcomes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease has led to the development of targeted therapies.

EBIOMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Hematology

Eltrombopag treatment of patients with secondary immune thrombocytopenia: retrospective EHR analysis

Pallavi Patwardhan et al.

Summary: The study found that in patients with secondary immune thrombocytopenia (sITP), the platelet response rate with eltrombopag was similar to that of primary ITP, and a treatment-free period was possible for a substantial minority of patients.

ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Hematology

T cell-mediated autoimmunity in immune thrombocytopenia

John R. Vrbensky et al.

Summary: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. While anti-platelet autoantibodies are known to play a role in platelet destruction, the involvement of CD8(+) T cells in ITP remains inconclusive. This review aims to summarize the studies on CD8(+) T cells in ITP and review methods used to detect autoreactive CD8(+) T cells in other autoimmune diseases.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Hematology

Antiplatelet antibody predicts platelet desialylation and apoptosis in immune thrombocytopenia

Shiying Silvia Zheng et al.

Summary: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a bleeding disorder caused by dysregulated B- and T- cell functions, which lead to platelet destruction. This study found that specific anti-platelet antibodies are associated with different mechanisms of thrombocytopenia, and confirmed that the NEU1 inhibitor oseltamivir can prevent platelet destruction induced by anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies.

HAEMATOLOGICA (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

TLR7 gain-of-function genetic variation causes human lupus

Grant J. Brown et al.

Summary: Enhanced Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling has been associated with human systemic autoimmune disease, but evidence of TLR7 gene variants causing lupus is lacking. In this study, researchers identified a newly described TLR7(Y264H) variant that increased sensing of guanosine and 2',3'-cGMP and was sufficient to cause lupus in mice. Enhanced TLR7 signaling was shown to drive aberrant B cell survival and the accumulation of specific B cell subsets, while deficiency of the downstream adapter protein MyD88 rescued autoimmunity and all phenotypes. The study highlights the importance of TLR7 and guanosine-containing self-ligands in the pathogenesis of lupus and suggests potential therapeutic targets.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Rilzabrutinib, an Oral BTK Inhibitor, in Immune Thrombocytopenia

David J. Kuter et al.

Summary: The study found that Rilzabrutinib showed activity in patients with immune thrombocytopenia and had low-level toxic effects at all dose levels. The dose of 400 mg twice daily was identified for further testing. Overall, Rilzabrutinib demonstrated rapid and durable clinical activity that improved with length of treatment.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Discovery of a novel megakaryopoiesis enhancer, ingenol, promoting thrombopoiesis through PI3K-Akt signaling independent of thrombopoietin

Long Wang et al.

Summary: In this study, a drug screening model was established using machine learning to predict the potential active compound ingenol for the treatment of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. In vitro experiments and animal models were used to demonstrate that ingenol promoted megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production. The activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was found to be involved in ingenol-induced megakaryocyte differentiation.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Hematology

HMGB1 is increased in patients with immune thrombocytopenia and negatively associates with Tregs

Guoyang Zhang et al.

Summary: Our results suggest that HMGB1 is associated with the imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of ITP.

THROMBOSIS RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Therapeutic potential of interleukin-2 in autoimmune diseases

Yeshuang Yuan et al.

Summary: Autoimmune diseases can be treated by restoring immune balance, and low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) has immunoregulatory effects on regulatory T cells (T-reg cells). Recent advances have explored the therapeutic potential of IL-2 or IL-2-derived molecules in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Rheumatology

Plasma Exchange in a Patient with Immune Thrombocytopenia Associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome Hospitalized for COVID-19

Federico Boggio et al.

Summary: This case study presents a rare case of a 71-year-old male patient with immune thrombocytopenia secondary to APS and concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection, successfully treated with systemic corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, and plasma exchange.

RHEUMATOLOGY AND THERAPY (2022)

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Article Hematology

Prednisone plus IVIg compared with prednisone or IVIg for immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: a national retrospective cohort study

Xiao-Lu Zhu et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of prednisone plus IVIg in pregnant patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The combination therapy showed a shorter time to response and duration of treatment compared to prednisone monotherapy. Additionally, the combination therapy had a lower predelivery platelet transfusion rate compared to IVIg alone.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN HEMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Hematology

Sialic acid and platelet count regulation: Implications in immune thrombocytopenia

Melissa M. Lee-Sundlov et al.

Summary: This article discusses the role of platelet and megakaryocyte glycobiology in regulating platelet count. Loss of platelet sialic acids leads to platelet clearance. The article also reveals new concepts of thrombocytopenia and immune cell responses resulting from glycan alterations.

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2022)

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Letter Rheumatology

Exacerbation of immune thrombocytopenia triggered by COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Yasushi Kondo et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Article Hematology

Efficacy, safety and immunological profile of combining rituximab with belimumab for adults with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia: results from a prospective phase IIb trial

Matthieu Mahevas et al.

Summary: The combination therapy of rituximab and belimumab shows promise in preventing the emergence of long-lived plasma cells in ITP patients, leading to increased overall response rates at 1 year. The safety and efficacy of this combination therapy appear high, with a decrease in circulating T-follicular helper cells observed.

HAEMATOLOGICA (2021)

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Review Rheumatology

Update on the diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus

Antonis Fanouriakis et al.

Summary: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by clinical heterogeneity, unpredictable course and flares. Diagnosis remains clinical with limited serologic test confirmation, and newer classification criteria offer more accurate classification. Treatment goals focus on patient survival, flare prevention, organ damage prevention, and quality of life optimization. High-intensity immunosuppressive therapy followed by less intensive therapy is typically used to control disease activity in severe cases of SLE.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

Sirolimus for patients with connective tissue disease-related refractory thrombocytopenia: a single-arm, open-label clinical trial

Chanyuan Wu et al.

Summary: The study found that sirolimus is an effective and safe treatment option for refractory CTD-TP patients. In patients using sirolimus, 60% achieved the primary endpoint after 6 months, with a 50% complete remission rate. For patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, the overall response rate was 71.4% with a complete remission rate of 64.3%.

RHEUMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

An optimally designed anti-human CD40 antibody with potent B cell suppression for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

Helen Haixia Wu et al.

Summary: The study presents a novel antibody BI 655064 targeting the CD40-CD40L pathway, which effectively neutralizes the pathogenesis of related diseases and has high therapeutic potential.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

Catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome with Libman-Sacks endocarditis following eltrombopag therapy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura: A case report

Sara Dichtwald et al.

Summary: ITP is an autoimmune disease characterized by accelerated platelet destruction, commonly treated with glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulins. In refractory cases, drugs that enhance thrombopoiesis like Eltrombopag may be used. However, thrombotic adverse events, potentially life-threatening, can occur with Eltrombopag, especially in high-risk patients.

LUPUS (2021)

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Review Rheumatology

Can the SARS-CoV-2 infection trigger systemic lupus erythematosus? A case-based review

Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos et al.

Summary: SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease that can be triggered by infections. This case reports a 45-year-old male patient with both COVID-19 and SLE, and a systematic review showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger or exacerbate existing SLE cases.

RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Platelets release mitochondrial antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus

Imene Melki et al.

Summary: The study reveals that platelets release mitochondrial DNA in patients with SLE, and this process is associated with platelet degranulation and requires stimulation of platelet Fc-γ-RIIA.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Eltrombopag for the treatment of refractory thrombocytopenia associated with connective tissue disease

Juan Wang et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in patients with refractory CTD-ITP, showing that it was effective and well-tolerated in this population. Factors associated with response to the drug included underlying disease, blood tests, and bone marrow histology.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Low-Dose Decitabine Inhibits Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes-Mediated Platelet Destruction via Modulating PD-1 Methylation in Immune Thrombocytopenia

Panpan Han et al.

Summary: The aberrant PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of ITP, and enhancing PD-1/PD-L1 signaling is a promising therapeutic approach for ITP management. Low-dose decitabine inhibits CTLs cytotoxicity to autologous platelets through the PD-1 pathway in ITP.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The Efficacy and Safety of Different Dosages of Rituximab for Adults with Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yu Dong et al.

Summary: Rituximab showed efficacy and safety in treating adult patients with ITP. A low-dose regimen may be an effective alternative to the standard dose, achieving similar response rates at 12 months but with lower risks and costs.

BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Article Hematology

Real-world use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in older patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia

Francesca Palandri et al.

Summary: Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TRAs) demonstrate good efficacy in older patients aged 60 years and above with ITP, with no fatal hemorrhages and sustained responses off-treatment observed in a significant portion of patients. Caution is advised in patients with a history of thrombosis, and a careful risk/benefit balance should be considered when using TRAs.

BLOOD (2021)

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Review Rheumatology

COVID-19 and the clinical course of rheumatic manifestations

Sakir Ahmed et al.

Summary: COVID-19 can lead to various autoimmune disorders, post-COVID-19 syndromes, and multi-system inflammatory syndrome. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 may cause endotheliitis and thrombosis, activate immune systems, and result in the formation of autoantibodies. It is important to monitor recovery patients for autoimmune manifestations and production of autoantibodies in the context of rheumatic diseases.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2021)

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Review Anesthesiology

Perioperative thrombocytopenia

Frederick W. Lombard et al.

Summary: In this review, recent developments in the perioperative management of thrombocytopenia are discussed, highlighting the challenges of predicting bleeding risk based solely on platelet counts and the need for individualized approaches. Prophylactic platelet transfusion may not always be supported by evidence, and alternative measures such as desmopressin, antifibrinolytic agents, and other hemostatic agents should be considered. More research is needed to further refine perioperative strategies for managing thrombocytopenia and reducing bleeding risk.

CURRENT OPINION IN ANESTHESIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Hematology

All-trans retinoic acid plus high-dose dexamethasone as first-line treatment for patients with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial

Qiu-Sha Huang et al.

Lancet Haematology (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Platelet Activation Mechanisms and Consequences of Immune Thrombocytopenia

Siyu Sun et al.

Summary: Autoimmune disorders often lead to low platelet count or thrombocytopenia, with mechanisms such as increased platelet activity, auto-antibodies suppressing platelet formation or increasing clearance, and interactions between platelets, coagulation, and complement activation processes being common factors in these conditions across various autoimmune disorders.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Hematology

Dexamethasone plus oseltamivir versus dexamethasone in treatment-naive primary immune thrombocytopenia: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial

Lu Sun et al.

Lancet Haematology (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists (TPO-RAs): Drug Class Considerations for Pharmacists

Jeffrey Gilreath et al.

Summary: Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) have unique indications approved by the US FDA and EMA for increasing platelet counts in various conditions. Pharmacists play a crucial role in stabilizing platelet counts and should discuss therapy modifications with the treatment team. Understanding the mechanistic differences between TPO-RAs and implementing appropriate monitoring and management strategies can help patients achieve therapy goals efficiently.

DRUGS (2021)

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Review Immunology

Telitacicept as a BLyS/APRIL dual inhibitor for autoimmune disease

Fan Shi et al.

Summary: BLyS and APRIL are critical factors in maintaining B-cell pool and humoral immunity in autoimmunity, while Telitacicept, a BLyS/APRIL dual inhibitor, has been approved for treating systemic lupus erythematosus in China.

IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Biology: Roles of Transcription Factors and Emerging Clinical Implications

Ji-Yoon Noh

Summary: Platelets, small anucleate blood cells critical in hemostasis, are produced by megakaryocytes from hematopoietic stem cells. Understanding key transcription factors is crucial for platelet biogenesis, as mutations can lead to disorders such as thrombocytopenia. Metabolic changes and diseases like cancer can also impact platelet production.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

Immature platelet levels correlate with disease activity and predict treatment response of thrombocytopenia in lupus patients

Norio Hanata et al.

Summary: IPF is correlated with disease activity in SLE patients and reflects platelet production in the bone marrow, while AIPC can predict a faster response to steroids in thrombocytopenic SLE patients.

LUPUS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Features of Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis

Sue Pavord et al.

Summary: Phenotypes of VITT were defined in 220 patients in the United Kingdom who presented a median of 14 days after the first ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Half had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, a third of whom also had intracranial hemorrhage. Mortality was 22%. Intravenous immune globulin may reverse VITT.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Mycophenolate Mofetil for First-Line Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia

Charlotte A. Bradbury et al.

Summary: In a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial on patients with immune thrombocytopenia, 91.5% of patients who received mycophenolate mofetil plus glucocorticoids had platelet levels above 100,000 per microliter, compared to 63.9% of patients who received glucocorticoids only. Quality-of-life measures of physical function and fatigue were worse in the mycophenolate mofetil group.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Helicobacter pylori protein that binds to and activates platelet specifically reacts with sera of H. pylori-associated chronic immune thrombocytopenia

Hiroaki Takeuchi et al.

Summary: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by antiplatelet antibodies and/or CD8 + T cells, and it may have a certain association with Helicobacter pylori infection, possibly leading to chronic ITP through various pathophysiological pathways. Studies have found that the H. pylori LMW antigen Lpp20 can bind to platelets and specifically react with sera of H. pylori-associated chronic ITP patients.

PLATELETS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

The thrombopoietin receptor: revisiting the master regulator of platelet production

Ian S. Hitchcock et al.

Summary: Thrombopoietin (TPO) and its receptor MPL play essential roles in platelet production and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, with dysregulation contributing to hematological disorders; abnormalities in the TPO-MPL axis can lead to bone marrow failure or pathological myeloproliferation; recent resolution of the debate over how TPO binding activates MPL holds potential for better-targeted therapies in blood disorders.

PLATELETS (2021)

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Article Hematology

Abnormalities of Bone Marrow B Cells and Plasma Cells in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia

Tianshu Yu et al.

Blood Advances (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

M2 macrophages, but not M1 macrophages, support megakaryopoiesis by upregulating PI3K-AKT pathway activity

Hong-Yan Zhao et al.

Summary: The study revealed the critical role of macrophages in regulating megakaryocyte production, with M1 and M2 macrophages exhibiting opposing effects in a manner dependent on the PI3K-AKT pathway. This sheds light on the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia and presents a potential therapeutic strategy for promoting megakaryopoiesis.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Article Hematology

GPIbα is the driving force of hepatic thrombopoietin generation

Danielle Karakas et al.

Summary: Thrombopoietin (TPO) plays important roles in platelet generation, with recent studies showing that platelets can induce TPO production in the liver in addition to clearing it. The platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha was found to be essential for platelet-mediated TPO generation.

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

Anti-CD40 antibody KPL-404 inhibits T cell-mediated activation of B cells from healthy donors and autoimmune patients

John Marken et al.

Summary: The humanized anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody KPL-404 demonstrated purely antagonistic effects on B cells and PBMCs, inhibiting CD40L-CD40-mediated B cell activation in both healthy controls and autoimmune patients without affecting cytokine production. This suggests therapeutic potential for targeting CD40 with KPL-404 in autoimmune diseases like Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus.

ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY (2021)

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Review Allergy

Management of Severe Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Real-World Experience and Literature Review

Huaxia Yang et al.

Summary: SLE is a heterogeneous disease affecting multiple organs with an aberrant immune response. Early recognition of severe SLE or life-threatening conditions poses a challenge to clinicians. Prompt and adequate treatment for severe refractory SLE is crucial for prognosis.

CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Rheumatology

Eltrombopag Efficacy and Safety in Steroid Refractory Lupus-Associated Immune Thrombocytopenia

Vineeta Shobha et al.

JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Managing ITP and thrombocytopenia in pregnancy

Renee Eslick et al.

PLATELETS (2020)

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Review Hematology

Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: Diagnosis and approach to management

Allyson M. Pishko et al.

BLOOD REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroduodenal lesions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Claudia Mendoza-Pinto et al.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Hematology

Phase 2 study of efgartigimod, a novel FcRn antagonist, in adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia

Adrian C. Newland et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Hematology

Increased cytotoxic potential of CD8+ T cells in immune thrombocytopenia

John R. Vrbensky et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2020)

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Review Hematology

Immune Thrombocytopenia in Adults: Modern Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment

Hanny Al-Samkari et al.

SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

New Horizons in the Genetic Etiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus-Like Disease: Monogenic Lupus and Beyond

Erkan Demirkaya et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Hematology

Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19

Evangelos Terpos et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Rheumatology

Population-based studies in systemic lupus erythematosus: immune thrombocytopenic purpura or 'blood-dominant' lupus?

Antonis Fanouriakis et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

Risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a population-based cohort study

Fang-Xiao Zhu et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

Rituximab or cyclosporin in refractory immune thrombocytopenia secondary to connective tissue diseases: a real-world observational retrospective study

Fangfang Sun et al.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

Effect of early eradication therapy on systemic lupus erythematosus risk in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Meng-Che Wu et al.

LUPUS (2020)

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Editorial Material Hematology

Fine-tuning the treatment toolbox of immune thrombocytopenia: fostamatinib as a second-line therapy

Rick Kapur

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Belimumab and Rituximab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Tale of Two B Cell-Targeting Agents

Leanna M. Wise et al.

Frontiers in Medicine (2020)

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Article Hematology

Platelet autoantibodies in the bone marrow of patients with immune thrombocytopenia

Sabrina Shrestha et al.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2020)

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Article Hematology

Use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists for immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: results from a multicenter study

Marc Michel et al.

BLOOD (2020)

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Review Hematology

An update on the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia

John W. Semple et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN HEMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Helicobacter pylori eradication affects platelet count recovery in immune thrombocytopenia

Ayoung Lee et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Two-Year, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Belimumab in Lupus Nephritis

Richard Furie et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Hematology

Phase 2 multiple-dose study of an FcRn inhibitor, rozanolixizumab, in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia

Tadeusz Robak et al.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Sirolimus versus cyclosporine for the treatment of pediatric chronic immune thrombocytopenia: A randomized blinded trial

Morteza Mousavi-Hasanzadeh et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Hematology

Serum complement levels in immune thrombocytopenia: Characterization and relation to clinical features

Abraham Z. Cheloff et al.

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2020)

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Article Hematology

Fostamatinib for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia

Nathan T. Connell et al.

BLOOD (2019)

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Article Rheumatology

The efficacy and safety of antithrombotic therapy in patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies receiving invasive procedures: experience from a single tertiary center

Ru-Xuan Chen et al.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Hematology

All-trans retinoic acid protects mesenchymal stem cells from immune thrombocytopenia by regulating the complement-interleukin-1β loop

Xiaolu Zhu et al.

HAEMATOLOGICA (2019)

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Review Rheumatology

2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus

Antonis Fanouriakis et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2019)

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Review Rheumatology

Treatment of primary and secondary immune thrombocytopenia

Ruba Kado et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN RHEUMATOLOGY (2019)

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Review Hematology

Rituximab in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia: what is the role of this agent in 2019?

Elisa Lucchini et al.

HAEMATOLOGICA (2019)

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Review Hematology

Immunomodulatory Second-Line Therapies for Immune Thrombocytopenia

Michele P. Lambert

HAMOSTASEOLOGIE (2019)

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Review Immunology

The Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn): A Misnomer?

Michal Pyzik et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Immunology

Opposite Profiles of Complement in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Among Patients With Antiphospholipid Antibodies (aPL)

Stephanie L. Savelli et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Immune Thrombocytopenia

Nichola Cooper et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Hematology

Understanding how older age drives decision-making and outcome in Immune Thrombocytopenia. A single centre study on 465 adult patients

Francesca Palandri et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

M281, an Anti-FcRn Antibody: Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Across the Full Range of IgG Reduction in a First-in-Human Study

Leona E. Ling et al.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Multirefractory primary immune thrombocytopenia; targeting the decreased sialic acid content

Nuria Revilla et al.

PLATELETS (2019)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Association of Scrub Typhus With the Risk of Autoimmune Diseases: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Kuo-An Chu et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Disrupted balance of CD4+ T-cell subsets in bone marrow of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia

Qian Wang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2019)

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Review Hematology

Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia

Drew Provan et al.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2019)

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Article Rheumatology

Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with refractory thrombocytopenia: a retrospective study

Y. Li et al.

LUPUS (2018)

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Letter Hematology

Sirolimus as a rescue therapy in children with immune thrombocytopenia refractory to mycophenolate mofetil

Maurizio Miano et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2018)

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Article Hematology

Fostamatinib for the treatment of adult persistent and chronic immune thrombocytopenia: Results of two phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials

James Bussel et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2018)

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Article Hematology

Efficacy and safety of rituximab for systemic lupus erythematosus-associated immune cytopenias: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 71 adults

Alexandra Serris et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2018)

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Article Hematology

Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: down but not out

Shruti Chaturvedi et al.

BLOOD (2018)

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Article Hematology

Romiplostim for the management of perioperative thrombocytopenia

Hanny Al-Samkari et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2018)

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Article Immunology

Effect of glucocorticoid treatment on BAFF and APRIL expression in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)

Julian Kamhieh-Milz et al.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Rheumatology

Splenectomy in systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune hematologic disease: a comparative analysis

Nahim Barron et al.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2018)

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Review Rheumatology

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and autoimmune thrombocytopenia in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: updates on pathogenesis and treatment

Jessica Neely et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN RHEUMATOLOGY (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Sirolimus in patients with clinically active systemic lupus erythematosus resistant to, or intolerant of, conventional medications: a single-arm, open-label, phase 1/2 trial

Zhi-Wei Lai et al.

LANCET (2018)

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Article Rheumatology

Safety and efficacy of thrombopoeitin mimetics for refractory immune thrombocytopenia purpura in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholipid syndrome: a case series

A. Lusa et al.

LUPUS (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cells and malignancies

Simar Pal Singh et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2018)

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Review Rheumatology

The non-haemostatic role of platelets in systemic lupus erythematosus

Petrus Linge et al.

NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Platelets release pathogenic serotonin and return to circulation after immune complex-mediated sequestration

Nathalie Cloutier et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

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Letter Rheumatology

Thrombopoietin receptor agonist, splenectomy and intravenous immunoglobulin for immune thrombocytopaenia with systemic lupus erythematosus

Hideaki Sofue et al.

RHEUMATOLOGY (2018)

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Review Immunology

Emerging Concepts in Immune Thrombocytopenia

Maurice Swinkels et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Management of immune thrombocytopenia in elderly patients

Elisa Lucchini et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2018)

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Review Rheumatology

Severe thrombocytopenia in connective tissue diseases: a single-center review of 131 cases

Wei Zhang et al.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2018)

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Letter Immunology

TLR7, a third signal for the robust generation of spontaneous germinal center B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus

Hongye Fan et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Hematology

Guidelines for the use of platelet transfusions

Lise J. Estcourt et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Hematology

New aspects on the efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia

B. Mayer et al.

VOX SANGUINIS (2017)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Identification and Validation of Gene Expression Pattern and Signature in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia

Qi-dong Ye et al.

SLAS DISCOVERY (2017)

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Article Hematology

Rituximab in immune thrombocytopenia: gender, age, and response as predictors of long-term response

Miriam Marangon et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2017)

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Editorial Material Hematology

Is oral all-trans retinoic acid plus danazol a refinement of second-line therapy for primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults?

Simon Panzer et al.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Hematology

Oral all-trans retinoic acid plus danazol versus danazol as second-line treatment in adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial

Fei-Er Feng et al.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Hematology

Vincristine efficacy and safety in treating immune thrombocytopenia: a retrospective study of 35 patients

Jerome Stirnemann et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2016)

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Article Hematology

Abnormalities of the bone marrow immune microenvironment in patients with immune thrombocytopenia

Yang Song et al.

ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY (2016)

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Article Hematology

Corticosteroids compared with intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy

Dongmei Sun et al.

BLOOD (2016)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Platelets are versatile cells: New discoveries in hemostasis, thrombosis, immune responses, tumor metastasis and beyond

Xiaohong Ruby Xu et al.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES (2016)

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Review Immunology

The diagnosis and management of the haematologic manifestations of lupus

Alba Velo-Garcia et al.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2016)

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Article Rheumatology

Bone Marrow Megakaryocytes May Predict Therapeutic Response of Severe Thrombocytopenia in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Lidan Zhao et al.

JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY (2016)

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Review Cell Biology

Glycans and the platelet life cycle

Renhao Li et al.

PLATELETS (2016)

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Article Cell Biology

Noninvasive low-level laser therapy for thrombocytopenia

Qi Zhang et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Platelet Apoptosis in Adult Immune Thrombocytopenia: Insights into the Mechanism of Damage Triggered by Auto-Antibodies

Nora P. Goette et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

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Article Hematology

Platelet transfusions in platelet consumptive disorders are associated with arterial thrombosis and in-hospital mortality

Ruchika Goel et al.

BLOOD (2015)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Recombinant human interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a protective factor in severe sepsis with thrombocytopenia: A case-control study

Bing Wan et al.

CYTOKINE (2015)

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Article Rheumatology

Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjogren Syndrome Patients With Refractory Thrombocytopenia A Retrospective Study of 21 Cases

Bin Jiang et al.

JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2015)

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Article Immunology

Emergence of long-lived autoreactive plasma cells in the spleen of primary warm auto-immune hemolytic anemia patients treated with rituximab

Matthieu Mahevas et al.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2015)

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Review Biology

B cells biology in systemic lupus erythematosus-from bench to bedside

Zhao LiDan et al.

SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES (2015)

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Article Hematology

Rituximab plus standard of care for treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shaan Chugh et al.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2015)

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Correction Rheumatology

Regulatory T-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated thrombocytopenia: a comparison with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (vol 19, pg 888, 2010)

S-H Park et al.

LUPUS (2015)

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Article Rheumatology

Eltrombopag as steroid sparing therapy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura in systemic lupus erythematosus

M-C Maroun et al.

LUPUS (2015)

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Review Rheumatology

Haematological manifestations of lupus

Anum Fayyaz et al.

LUPUS SCIENCE & MEDICINE (2015)

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Article Hematology

Hydroxychloroquine is a good second-line treatment for adults with immune thrombocytopenia and positive antinuclear antibodies

Mehdi Khellaf et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2014)

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Article Hematology

Splenic TFH expansion participates in B-cell differentiation and antiplatelet-antibody production during immune thrombocytopenia

Sylvain Audia et al.

BLOOD (2014)

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Article Hematology

Safety and efficacy of rituximab in adult immune thrombocytopenia: results from a prospective registry including 248 patients

Mehdi Khellaf et al.

BLOOD (2014)

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Article Immunology

In silico analysis of autoimmune diseases and genetic relationships to vaccination against infectious diseases

Peter B. McGarvey et al.

BMC IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Article Rheumatology

Death causes and pathogens analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus during the past 26 years

Yunyun Fei et al.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2014)

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Letter Rheumatology

Effectiveness of Thrombopoietin-receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Refractory Immune Thrombocytopenia Associated to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Laura Magnano et al.

JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY (2014)

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Article Hematology

Association of autoantibody specificity and response to intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in immune thrombocytopenia: a multicenter cohort study

J. Peng et al.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2014)

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Review Rheumatology

The BAFF/APRIL system in SLE pathogenesis

Fabien B. Vincent et al.

NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Detection of Circulating B Cells Producing Anti-GPIb Autoantibodies in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia

Masataka Kuwana et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Helicobacter pylori-associated immune thrombocytopenia: Clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms

Masataka Kuwana

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hematologic manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection

German Campuzano-Maya

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

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Article Hematology

Efficacy and safety of rituximab given at 1,000 mg on days 1 and 15 compared to the standard regimen to treat adult immune thrombocytopenia

Matthieu Mahevas et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2013)

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Article Hematology

Immune thrombocytopenia in the elderly: clinical course in 525 patients from a single center in China

Hu Zhou et al.

ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY (2013)

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Article Hematology

Preferential splenic CD8+ T-cell activation in rituximab-nonresponder patients with immune thrombocytopenia

Sylvain Audia et al.

BLOOD (2013)

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Article Immunology

Effects of Rapamycin Combined with Low Dose Prednisone in Patients with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia

Jiaming Li et al.

CLINICAL & DEVELOPMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

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Article Rheumatology

Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic splenectomy in thrombocytopenia secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus

Jin Zhou et al.

CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY (2013)

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Article Hematology

The role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in immune thrombocytopenia

Zhong Wu et al.

HEMATOLOGY (2013)

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Review Immunology

The establishment of the plasma cell survival niche in the bone marrow

Van T. Chu et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2013)

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Article Hematology

The biology of thrombopoietin and thrombopoietin receptor agonists

David J. Kuter

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2013)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

B cell depletion in immune thrombocytopenia reveals splenic long-lived plasma cells

Matthieu Mahevas et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2013)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Two Cases of Refractory Thrombocytopenia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus that Responded to Intravenous Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide

Hee-Jin Park et al.

JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE (2013)

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Article Cell Biology

Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, Interferon Signaling, and FcγR Contribute to Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Response in Childhood Immune Thrombocytopenia

Kartik Sehgal et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2013)

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Article Hematology

B-Cell Depletion in Immune Thrombocytopenia

Bertrand Godeau

SEMINARS IN HEMATOLOGY (2013)

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Review Immunology

Long-lived plasma cells in autoimmunity: lessons from B-cell cepleting therapy

Matthieu Mahevas et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

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Article Hematology

Long-term follow-up analysis after rituximab salvage therapy in adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia

Francesco Zaja et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2012)

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Article Hematology

Autoantibody-mediated complement activation on platelets is a common finding in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Abderrahim Najaoui et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2012)

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Article Immunology

Platelets Present Antigen in the Context of MHC Class I

Lesley M. Chapman et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2012)

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Article Rheumatology

Low-dose rituximab therapy for refractory thrombocytopenia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-a prospective pilot study

Hua Chen et al.

RHEUMATOLOGY (2011)

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Article Rheumatology

Expressions of BAFF/BAFF receptors and their correlation with disease activity in Chinese SLE patients

L. D. Zhao et al.

LUPUS (2010)

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Review Immunology

The SYK tyrosine kinase: a crucial player in diverse biological functions

Attila Mocsai et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

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Review Hematology

Effects of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a systematic review

Roberto Stasi et al.

BLOOD (2009)

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Article Hematology

Splenic macrophages maintain the anti-platelet autoimmune response via uptake of opsonized platelets in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura

M. Kuwana et al.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2009)

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Letter Rheumatology

Anti-thrombopoietin antibodies suppress megakaryocytic colony formation in vitro in patients with systemic lupus erythaematosus

P. D. Ziakas et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2008)

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Article Hematology

The effect of anti-CD40 ligand in immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Vivek L. Patel et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2008)

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Article Rheumatology

Successful treatment of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

T. Fukushima et al.

LUPUS (2008)

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Article Hematology

CD8+ T cells suppress autologous megakaryocyte apoptosis in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Shuguang Li et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2007)

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Article Immunology

Suspects in the tale of lupus-associated thrombocytopenia

P. D. Ziakas et al.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Rheumatology

Two types of autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

M. Kuwana et al.

RHEUMATOLOGY (2006)

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Article Rheumatology

Autoantibody to CD40 ligand in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with thrombocytopenia but not thromboembolism

M Nakamura et al.

RHEUMATOLOGY (2006)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mycophenolate mofetil as a treatment for refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

WG Zhang et al.

ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA (2005)

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Article Immunology

Association between circulating levels of the novel TNF family members APRIL and BAFF and lymphoid organization in primary Sjogren's syndrome

MV Jonsson et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2005)

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Article Rheumatology

Autoantibody to c-Mpl (thrombopoietin receptor) in systemic lupus erythematosus - Relationship to thrombocytopenia with megakaryocytic hypoplasia

M Kuwana et al.

ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM (2002)

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Article Hematology

Cyclosporin A for the treatment of patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to corticosteroids or splenectomy

MC Kappers-Klunne et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2001)

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Systemic lupus erythematosus-complicating immune thrombocytopenia: From pathogenesis to treatment

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