The detection and sensory perception of inspiratory resistive loads in people with chronic tetraplegia

This study investigated sensations of breathing following tetraplegia. Fifteen people with chronic tetraplegia and fifteen healthy able-bodied controls matched for age, sex, height, and weight participated. Sensations of breathing were quantified by determin-ing the threshold for detecting an added resistance during inspiration. In a separate task, the perceived magnitudes of six supra -threshold resistive loads were determined with a modified Borg scale. The detection threshold of 0.34 cmH2O/L/s [standard deviation (SD) 0.14] in the tetraplegia group was higher than the 0.23 cmH2O/L/s (SD 0.10) threshold for able-bodied controls (P = 0.004). Both participant groups perceived larger loads to be more effortful, with the Borg effort rating increasing linearly with the peak inspiratory pressure generated at each load. The relationship between Borg effort rating and peak inspiratory pressure was steeper in participants with tetraplegia than in able-bodied controls (P = 0.001), but there was no difference when pressure was divided by maximal inspiratory pressure (P = 0.95). Despite a higher detection threshold, the findings suggest that the perceived magnitude of a suprathreshold inspiratory load is not impaired in chronic tetraplegia and that load magnitude per-ception is related to the maximal, and not absolute, inspiratory muscle force.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sensations of breathing are thought to be impaired following chronic tetraplegia. The detection thresh-old for an added resistive load during inspiration was higher in people with tetraplegia than in healthy able-bodied participants. However, for inspiratory loads above the detection threshold, the perceived magnitude of a resistive load as a function of the peak inspiratory pressure was greater in tetraplegia. Load magnitude perception was comparable between participant groups when peak pressure was divided by maximal inspiratory pressure.

Automated summary

This study explored sensations of breathing following tetraplegia and found that the detection threshold for an added resistive load during inspiration was higher in tetraplegia group compared to able-bodied controls. However, for inspiratory loads above the detection threshold, the perceived magnitude of a resistive load as a function of the peak inspiratory pressure was greater in tetraplegia. Load magnitude perception was similar between participant groups when peak pressure was divided by maximal inspiratory pressure.