Effects of feeding high oleic soybean oil to growing-finishing pigs on loin and belly quality

Feeding growing-finishing pigs supplemental fat is a common practice in the swine industry and can result in improved feed efficiency and reduced feed intake; however, dietary lipids also play a key role in determining pork quality. Objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of feeding graded levels of high oleic soybean oil (HOSO) on loin and belly quality. A total of 288 pig raised in two separate blocks (144 pigs each) were assigned to one of four diets containing either 25% dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS), 2% high oleic soybean oil (HOSO2), 4% high oleic soybean oil (HOSO4), or 6% high oleic soybean oil (HOSO6). Following the conclusion of the feeding trial, 144 pigs were slaughtered at the University of Illinois Meat Science Laboratory. Following fabrication, loins were collected for the evaluation of fresh quality measurements and color stability. Belly quality and fatty acid composition were evaluated using skin-on natural fall bellies. There were no differences (P >= 0.11) in pH, visual color, lightness (L*), drip loss, or WBSF among dietary treatments. However, visual marbling was increased (P <= 0.01) in loin chops from pigs fed HOSO4 and HOSO6 treatments compared with chops from pigs fed the DDGS dietary treatment. Additionally, loin chops were more red (a*) (P <= 0.01) from pigs fed HOSO diets when compared with pigs fed DDGS. Extractable lipid was decreased (P <= 0.01) in fresh loin chops from pigs fed DDGS and HOSO2 diets compared with pigs fed HOSO6. There were no differences (P >= 0.75) in trained sensory tenderness, juiciness, or flavor for loin chops from pigs fed different dietary treatments. Pork fatty acid composition was altered by dietary HOSO inclusion, with pigs fed DDGS having (P <= 0.01) the greatest concentration of C16:0 and was decreased with increasing levels of HOSO inclusion. Inversely, the percentage of C18:1n-9 was least (P <= 0.01) in pigs fed DDGS and increased with increasing levels of HOSO inclusion. Pigs fed DDGS produced wider (P <= 0.03) and thinner (P <= 0.04) bellies with reduced flop distance compared with pigs fed HOSO diets. Overall, HOSO diets did not negatively affect fresh loin quality or sensory traits of loin chops. Furthermore, feeding HOSO to swine resulted in bellies containing greater percentages of oleic acid and reduced percentages of palmitic and linoleic acid. Lay Summary Feeding pigs supplemental fat to increase caloric density is a common practice in the swine industry. However, dietary fats are also a key determinant of pork fat composition and may influence product quality. High oleic soybean oil (HOSO), a relatively new feed ingredient, differs from conventional soybean oil in that it contains an increased proportion of oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid. However, HOSO has not been extensively researched in pig diets. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the use of dietary HOSO on fresh belly and loin quality. A total of 144 pigs, fed one of four diets that differed in fat source, were slaughtered at the University of Illinois Meat Science Laboratory. One diet contained 25% dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS), while the other three had graded levels of high oleic soybean oil (2%, 4%, or 6%). Pigs were fed diets for the last 14 weeks leading up to slaughter. Pigs fed HOSO produced thicker, firmer bellies and fat tissue containing a decreased proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with DDGS-fed pigs. Feeding HOSO had little impact on fresh loin quality and palatability compared with feeding an industry-reference diet containing DDGS. High oleic soybean oil can be fed as a supplemental dietary fat source to growing-finishing pigs with little impact on fresh loin quality and palatability. Feeding diets containing high oleic soybean oil resulted in carcasses with thicker bellies and increased flop distance compared with an industry-reference diet.

Automated summary

Feeding growing-finishing pigs high oleic soybean oil can improve pork quality, especially in terms of marbling and color, without negatively affecting sensory traits. Additionally, high oleic soybean oil diets result in wider and thicker bellies with lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fat tissue.