Journal
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS
Volume 68, Issue 7, Pages 725-754Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2022.2126257
Keywords
Steel; austenite; ferrite; nucleation; diffusion; interfaces; solute drag; multiscale modelling
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This review critically analyzes the different approaches to model the austenite-ferrite transformation at different length scales, and reviews both semi-empirical and fundamental models, with a focus on polygonal ferrite formation in low and medium carbon steels, as well as the formation of ferrite with more complex morphologies.
The austenite-ferrite transformation is the key metallurgical tool to tailor properties of low alloyed steels and remains an active area of research. Models have yet to be developed with truly predictive capabilities for phase transformations in multi-component commercial steels. This review provides a critical analysis of the various austenite-to-ferrite diffusional transformation model approaches that have been significantly broadened over the past decade by modelling at different length scales, i.e. classical macro-scale models have been augmented with simulations at the meso-scale and atomistic scale. Both semi-empirical and fundamental models are reviewed with an emphasis on polygonal ferrite formation in low and medium carbon steels. Formation of ferrite with more complex morphologies (i.e. irregular/bainitic/Widmanstatten ferrite) is also discussed. In particular, approaches to describe the interaction of alloying elements with the austenite-ferrite interface are critically analysed. The paper concludes with an outlook on the proposed austenite-ferrite transformation modelling work for the next decade.
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