Unveiling the room-temperature softening phenomenon and texture evolution in room-temperature- and cryogenic-rolled ETP copper

The present study addresses the evolution of microstructural and crystallographic texture in room-temperature-rolled (RTR) and cryogenic-rolled (CR) electrolytic tough-pitch (ETP) copper. Copper specimens were subjected to 20, 40, 60, and 80% reductions via RTR and CR processing. The microstructure evolution of the severely deformed RTR and CR specimens revealed deformed and recrystallized grains. Static recrystallization (SRX) at room temperature (RT) was observed in the severely deformed RTR and CR specimens. Both discontinuous SRX (DSRX) and continuous SRX (CSRX) were responsible for the nucleation of small grains at RT. Particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) was also responsible for small-grain formations around the Cu2O particles. The initial ETP copper specimen showed a weak texture whose intensity increased after the RTR and CR deformation. The texture intensity of the severely deformed specimens was affected by both deformation and the SRX phenomena. The CR specimens showed texture that was stronger than that of the RTR specimens up to the point of an intermediate reduction (60%), whereas at higher deformation (80%), the RTR specimens showed stronger texture intensity compared with that of the CR specimens. The texture weakening in the CR80 specimen was due to the formation of strain localizations (SLs) and to the nucleation at SLs. Large amounts of stored energy and SL formation in severely deformed CR specimens led to a different recrystallization texture compared with that of RTR specimens. A Cube component was dominant in the RTR80, whereas Goss, Copper and S components were observed in the CR80 specimen for SRX grains. The CR specimen showed a relatively high hardness value compared with the RTR specimen. Time-dependent decay in the hardness values for both the RTR and the CR specimens were attributed to roomtemperature recovery (SRV) and recrystallization (SRX).

Automated summary

This study investigates the evolution of microstructural and crystallographic texture in electrolytic tough-pitch copper, subjected to room-temperature-rolled and cryogenic-rolled processes. The severely deformed specimens showed deformed and recrystallized grains, with static recrystallization observed at room temperature. The nucleation of small grains was attributed to discontinuous and continuous static recrystallization, as well as particle-stimulated nucleation around Cu2O particles. The texture intensity of the specimens was influenced by deformation and static recrystallization phenomena. The cryogenic-rolled specimens exhibited stronger texture compared to room-temperature-rolled specimens at intermediate reductions, while the latter showed stronger texture intensity at higher deformation. The hardness values of the cryogenic-rolled specimens were relatively higher than those of the room-temperature-rolled specimens, and the time-dependent decay in hardness values was attributed to room-temperature recovery and recrystallization.