Microarray Profiling of Vaccination-Induced Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Interest and Concern

Article Infectious Diseases

Nationwide effectiveness of five SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Hungary-the HUN-VE study

Zoltan Voko et al.

Summary: This observational study in Hungary estimated the effectiveness of five different vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related death, and found that these vaccines have high or very high effectiveness in these areas.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization

Delphine Planas et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, identified in November 2021, has spread rapidly worldwide and shows resistance to most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, it can be neutralized by antibodies generated by a booster vaccine dose.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Biology

Vaccine-induced COVID-19 mimicry syndrome

Eric Kowarz et al.

Summary: A global vaccination campaign is underway to immunize billions of people against the COVID-19 pandemic. However, rare cases of severe side effects, such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), have been reported after vaccination with adenoviral vector-based vaccines. These events have not been observed with mRNA-based vaccines. Scientists have proposed a mechanism called vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and discovered that DNA-encoded Spike protein can be spliced in a way that leads to the secretion of potentially harmful Spike variants. Avoiding such splicing events is important for the safety of future vaccines.

ELIFE (2022)

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Letter Cell Biology

Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant to antibody neutralization elicited by booster vaccination

Xiaoqi Yu et al.

CELL DISCOVERY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Computer Simulations and Network-Based Profiling of Binding and Allosteric Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variant Complexes and the Host Receptor: Dissecting the Mechanistic Effects of the Delta and Omicron Mutations

Gennady Verkhivker et al.

Summary: In this study, all-atom MD simulations and comprehensive mutational scanning were used to investigate the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 variants and the ACE2 host receptor. It was found that specific mutations in the Omicron variant play a crucial role in virus transmissibility and immune evasion. Furthermore, other mutations provide a flexible shield to protect the integrity of binding and allosteric interactions in the RBD-ACE2 complexes.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Virology

Autoimmune Effect of Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein

Daria Matyushkina et al.

Summary: This study conducted a detailed analysis of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients, revealing the impact of different antibodies on the disease progression and post-COVID symptoms. The research found that IgG antibodies to the nucleoprotein may worsen the disease, trigger multiple symptoms, and contribute to long-term post-COVID symptoms.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Immune Evasion by the Highly Mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist et al.

Infection and Drug Resistance (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Lasting SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG Antibody response in health care workers from Venezuela, 6 months after vaccination with Sputnik V

Franklin Claro et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the long-term immunogenicity of the Sputnik V vaccine and found that it can provide long-lasting humoral immunity, especially for individuals who have been vaccinated and previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Protective efficacy of COVAXIN® against Delta and Omicron variants in hamster model

Pragya D. Yadav et al.

Summary: The immunity acquired from natural infection or vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 weakens over time. COVAXIN(R) showed effective protection against the Delta variant after two or three doses of immunization, as well as reduced lung disease severity against the Omicron variants (BA.1.1 and BA.2) in a Syrian hamster model. The study suggests that administering a booster dose of COVAXIN(R) can enhance vaccine effectiveness against Delta variant infection and provide protection against the BA.1.1 and BA.2 variants.

ISCIENCE (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

An original multiplex method to assess five different SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

Julien Favresse et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the performance of the multiplex D-tek COVIDOT 5 IgG assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, showing excellent sensitivities and specificities for N, S1+S2, S2, and RBD-directed IgG at >= 21 days post-infection. Caution is advised when interpreting single S1-directed reactivities. Using a multiplex assay can provide better and critical interpretation of a patient's serological status.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Development and Validation of a Multiplex, Bead-based Assay to Detect Antibodies Directed Against SARS-CoV-2 Proteins

Robert A. Bray et al.

Summary: This study introduces a high-throughput multiplex antibody detection assay for identifying patient responses to 5 SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The assay is specific to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and can be used effectively in transplant settings. It provides a novel tool for understanding immune responses to SAR-CoV-2.

TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent blood using a coronavirus antigen microarray

Rafael R. de Assis et al.

Summary: Diagnosis of COVID-19 by PCR testing may underestimate the true prevalence of infection; serologic methods are more accurate and versatile for monitoring disease burden and epidemiology. A protein microarray with antigens from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and common human respiratory viruses has been reported as a diagnostic, epidemiologic, and research tool.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia

Denis Y. Logunov et al.

Summary: The Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine showed 91.6% efficacy against COVID-19 in the phase 3 trial, with good safety and tolerability in a large cohort of participants.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Common low complexity regions for SARS-CoV-2 and human proteomes as potential multidirectional risk factor in vaccine development

Aleksandra Gruca et al.

Summary: The study found that five low complexity regions (LCRs) in three proteins encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome are highly similar to regions from human proteome. These regions contain predicted T-cell and B-cell epitopes that overlap with human proteins. Replication proteins encoded in the central part of the viral RNA do not contain LCRs.

BMC BIOINFORMATICS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Mapping SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Epitopes in COVID-19 Patients with a Multi-Coronavirus Protein Microarray

David Camerini et al.

Summary: This study utilized a multi-coronavirus protein microarray to identify specific antibody reactivity in COVID-19 patients, revealing highly reactive protein regions specific to COVID-19 patients and demonstrating cross-reactivity of these antibodies with other human coronaviruses.

MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Multiplexed, microscale, microarray-based serological assay for antibodies against all human-relevant coronaviruses

Erica D. Dawson et al.

Summary: This study presents a new method for serological analysis during COVID-19 vaccine development. The method can accurately and rapidly detect a variety of coronavirus antibodies within 2 hours, demonstrating excellent results.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination

Kate-Lynn Muir et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination

Nina H. Schultz et al.

Summary: This study reports five cases of venous thrombosis and thrombocytopenia occurring 7 to 10 days after receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, suggesting a rare vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. The condition, which can lead to catastrophic outcomes such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, may be treated with intravenous immune globulin.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination

Andreas Greinacher et al.

Summary: After vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19, rare immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia can occur due to platelet-activating antibodies against PF4, resulting in various thrombotic events. Most patients in this case series were women, with fatal outcomes such as cerebral venous thrombosis and intracranial hemorrhage. Additional studies are needed to further investigate and understand this phenomenon.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Mutations L452R and E484Q Are Not Synergistic for Antibody Evasion

Isabella A. T. M. Ferreira et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 variant from India with key mutations L452R and E484Q shows reduced sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies elicited by the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, similar to the effect of L452R or E484Q mutations alone.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Australian and New Zealand approach to diagnosis and management of vaccine-induced immune thrombosis and thrombocytopenia

Vivien M. Chen et al.

MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

An Update on COVID-19 Vaccine Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Some Management Recommendations

Amin Islam et al.

Summary: TTS is a complication of COVID-19 vaccines that mainly affects female patients aged 20 to 50, with symptoms including thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Predisposing risk factors have not been definitively identified, but caution is advised when administering adenovirus-vectored vaccines, with younger patients recommended to avoid vaccines with a higher risk of TTS if other options are available.

MOLECULES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization

Delphine Planas et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Delta variant, first identified in India in 2020, has become dominant in some regions and is spreading to many countries. This variant shows resistance to certain monoclonal antibodies and antibodies in convalescent sera, as well as reduced neutralization by some COVID-19 vaccines. Administration of two doses of the vaccine is needed for a neutralizing response against the Delta variant.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

BNT162b2-elicited neutralization of B.1.617 and other SARS-CoV-2 variants

Jianying Liu et al.

Summary: Serum samples from individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize various SARS-CoV-2 variants, indicating mass immunization as a central strategy to end the global COVID-19 pandemic.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutations, L452R, T478K, E484Q and P681R, in the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Maharashtra, India

Sarah Cherian et al.

Summary: Genomic epidemiology and whole genome sequencing were used to investigate the transmission and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the global pandemic. The study identified new variants B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 in India, responsible for the second wave of COVID-19 in Maharashtra, with B.1.617.2 designated as a VOC delta and B.1.617.1 as a variant of interest kappa. Monitoring of these and emerging variants in India is crucial for public health.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evaluation and Comparison of Serological Methods for COVID-19 Diagnosis

Fanwu Gong et al.

Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to the development of various clinical diagnosis methods, including nucleic acid testing and serological screening. Due to the unsatisfactory sensitivity of nucleic acid detection, serological screening has become widely used. These serological diagnostic methods help improve clinical efficiency and control the spread of COVID-19.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Analysis of the Delta Variant B.1.617.2 COVID-19

Shayan Shiehzadegan et al.

Summary: The Delta variant, known as B.1.617.2, is 60% more transmissible than the alpha variant and has become the dominant strain globally. Vaccine companies like AstraZeneca, Pfizer/BioNTech, and Moderna have reported slightly reduced efficacy in protecting against this variant.

CLINICS AND PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Long-term humoral immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy of inactivated vaccine against COVID-19 (CoviVac) in preclinical studies

Liubov Kozlovskaya et al.

Summary: The CoviVac vaccine showed good safety, protective efficacy, and immunogenicity in animal models, providing encouraging data for further evaluation in clinical trials.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Multiplex assays for the identification of serological signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection: an antibody-based diagnostic and machine learning study

Jason Rosado et al.

Summary: This study developed a multiplex serological assay to accurately classify individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection based on antibody responses to multiple antigens. The findings provide a potential solution to measuring seroprevalence levels in low-transmission settings and for classifying individuals infected over 6 months ago.

LANCET MICROBE (2021)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

An original multiplex method to assess five different SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

Julien Favresse et al.

Summary: The study found that various types of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies showed a gradually increasing dynamic trend post-infection, with sensitivities reaching 100% after 21 days. The combined use of multiple antigens can improve early sensitivity while maintaining high specificity.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Virology