Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 16, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169454
Keywords
apple; fruit size; auxin; MdAux; IAA2; cell size
Funding
- Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [SS2021C004]
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences [2020YYYF052]
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Auxin-responsive gene MdAux/IAA2 plays an important role in regulating apple fruit size. Overexpression of MdAux/IAA2 results in smaller fruit size, weight, and cell size, while silencing MdAux/IAA2 leads to an increase in fruit weight and cell size. The findings suggest that the high auxin content suppresses the expression of MdAux/IAA2, thereby affecting fruit development.
Auxin plays an important role in regulating plant development, and Auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) is a type of auxin-responsive gene and plays an important role in auxin signaling; to date, although 29 Aux/IAA proteins have been reported in Abrabidopsis thaliana, only parts of the Aux/IAA family gene functions have been identified. We previously reported that a bud sport of 'Longfeng' (LF) apple (Malus domestica), named 'Grand longfeng' (GLF), which showed a larger fruit size than LF, has lower expression of MdAux/IAA2. In this study, we identified the function of the MdAux/IAA2 gene in apple fruit size difference using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Overexpression of MdAux/IAA2 decreased the apple flesh callus increment and caused a smaller globular cell size. In addition, overexpression of MdAux/IAA2 in GLF fruit resulted in the reduction of apple fruit size, weight, and cell size, while silencing MdAux/IAA2 in LF apple fruit resulted in an increase in apple fruit weight and cell size. We suggest that the high auxin content depressed the expression of MdAux/IAA2, and that the downregulated expression of MdAux/IAA2 led to the formation of GLF. Our study suggests a mechanism for fruit size regulation in plants and we will explore the transcription factors functioning in this process in the future.
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