Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 16, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169324
Keywords
microRNA; immune checkpoint; immunotherapy
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [FGFF-2022-0011]
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MiRNAs, which influence IC gene expression in tumor and T-cells, show potential as agents for cancer immunotherapy with tumor specificity. Further research on miRNA-gene interaction features and optimal miRNA mimic structure is necessary.
Currently, the search for new promising tools of immunotherapy continues. In this regard, microRNAs (miRNAs) that influence immune checkpoint (IC) gene expression in tumor and T-cells and may be important regulators of immune cells are considered. MiRNAs regulate gene expression by blocking mRNA translation. An important feature of miRNA is its ability to affect the expression of several genes simultaneously, which corresponds to the trend toward the use of combination therapy. The article provides a list of miRNAs acting simultaneously on several ICs and miRNAs that, in addition to IC, can regulate the expression of targeted therapy genes. There is dependence of miRNA interactions with IC genes on the type of cancer. The analysis of the accumulated data demonstrates that only about 14% (95% CI: 9.8-20.1%) of the studied miRNAs regulate the expression of specific IC in more than one type of cancer. That is, there is tumor specificity in the miRNA action on ICs. A number of miRNAs demonstrated high efficiency in vitro and in vivo. This indicates the potential of miRNAs as promising agents for cancer immunotherapy. Additional studies of the miRNA-gene interaction features and the search for an optimal miRNA mimic structure are necessary.
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