Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 21, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112723
Keywords
BLSF's; pseudo-tetragonal; CaBi4Ti4O15; MnO2; ferroelectric; piezoelectric; energy storage
Funding
- Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University [RGP.2/193/42]
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In the context of high-temperature piezoelectric devices, a CBTNF:xMn ceramic system has been developed with excellent structural, ferroelectric, dielectric, and high-temperature-dependent piezoelectric properties. The CBTNF:0.15Mn ceramic demonstrates high relative density, saturated polarization, storage energy density, and energy-conversion efficiency, as well as stable piezoelectric performance at room temperature and elevated temperatures.
In the present era of advanced technology, the surge for suitable multifunctional materials capable of operating above 300 degrees C has increased for the utilization of high-temperature piezoelectric devices. For this purpose, a pseudo-tetragonal phased CaBi4Ti3.98 (Nb0.5Fe0.5)(0.02)O-15:xwt%MnO2 (CBTNF:xMn), with x = 0-0.20, ceramic system has been engineered for the investigation of structural, ferroelectric, dielectric and high-temperature-dependent piezoelectric properties. XRD analysis confirms that low-content Mn-ion insertion at the lattice sites of CBTNF does not distort the pseudo-tetragonal phase lattice of CBTNF:xMn ceramics, but enhances the functional behavior of the ceramic system, specifically at x = 0.15 wt%Mn. Compared to pure CBT and CBTNF ceramics, CBTNF:0.15Mn has demonstrated a highly dense relative density (similar to 96%), a saturated polarization (P-s) of 15.89 mu C/cm(2), a storage energy density (W-ST) of similar to 1.82 J/cm(3), an energy-conversion efficiency (11) of --51% and an upgraded piezoelectric behavior (d(33)) of 27.1 pC/N at room temperature. Sharp temperature-dependent dielectric constant (epsilon(r)) peaks display the solid ferroelectric behavior of the CBTNF:0.15Mn sample with a Curie temperature (T-C) of 766 degrees C. The thermally stable piezoelectric performance of the CBTNF:0.15Mn ceramic was observed at 600 degrees C, with just a 0.8% d(33) loss (25 pC/N). The achieved results signify that multi-valence Mn ions have effectively intercalated at the lattice sites of the pseudo-tetragonal phased CBTNF counterpart and enhanced the multifunctional properties of the ceramic system, proving it to be a durable contender for utilization in energy-storage applications and stable high-temperature piezoelectric applications.
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