Optimal scheduling of a hybrid AC/DC multi-energy microgrid considering uncertainties and Stackelberg game-based integrated demand response

The emergence of solid-state transformers (SSTs) enriches the system structure and operation mode of the multi-energy microgrid (MEMG). This paper depicts a novel hybrid AC/DC MEMG structure based on a three-stage SST, and proposes a two-level optimal scheduling model considering generation and load uncertainties, as well as Stackelberg game-based integrated demand response. In the upper level model for the energy hub operator (EHO), the pricing strategy and equipment dispatch are optimized to maximize profit, and the two-stage adaptive robust optimization and reserve allocation are used to address the uncertainties of renewable generation and loads, respectively. In the lower level model for the demand response aggregator (DRA), the response strategy of different loads, including shiftable, adjustable and replaceable loads, is optimized for surplus maximization. To solve the proposed scheduling model, the two-level optimization problem is transformed to a single-level min -max-min problem according to Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, then it is divided into two subproblems and solved by the column-and-constraint generation algorithm and CPLEX solver. Furthermore, a case study is carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, and it shows that the total benefit of EHO and DRA can be improved by 5.75% due to the demand response strategy.

Automated summary

This paper proposes a novel hybrid AC/DC MEMG structure based on a three-stage SST, and a two-level optimal scheduling model considering generation and load uncertainties, as well as integrated demand response based on Stackelberg game. A case study is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, showing improved total benefit of EHO and DRA by 5.75% due to the demand response strategy.