Biomarkers in Takayasu arteritis

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare large vasculitis with unknown etiology, which affects the aorta and its primary branches, as well as the pulmonary and coronary arteries. Cellular and humoral immunity, chronic inflammation, and genetic factors are involved into TA pathogenesis. Several biomarkers, such as MMPs, TIMPs, cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, autoantibodies, complements, PTX3, sRAGE, NT-proBNP, 8-isoPGF2 alpha, symbolscript acute-phase and immunology-related proteins, thrombogenicity markers, ghrelin leptin and adipokines, endothelial damage and repair factors, genetic markers etc., related to the pathogenesis could be observed in patients with TA. These biomarkers have revealed great values in early diagnosis, evaluating disease activity, guiding clinical treatment options, and thus demonstrated significant clinical application values in TA. The combination of biomarkers assay and imaging examination may detect TA more accurately. The aim of this review is to systemically observe the clinical significance of these biomarkers in TA.

Automated summary

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare large vasculitis with unknown etiology that affects the aorta and its primary branches, as well as the pulmonary and coronary arteries. The pathogenesis of TA involves cellular and humoral immunity, chronic inflammation, and genetic factors. Various biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of TA can be observed in patients, and they have significant clinical application values in early diagnosis, evaluating disease activity, and guiding clinical treatment options. The combination of biomarkers assay and imaging examination may enhance the accuracy of TA detection.